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Vol. 28. Issue 2.
Pages 135-144 (July - December 2023)
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Vol. 28. Issue 2.
Pages 135-144 (July - December 2023)
Original
Does emotional awareness lead to resilience? Differences based on sex in adolescence
¿La consciencia emocional conduce a la resiliencia? Diferencias en función del sexo en la adolescencia
Núria Garcia-Blanca,
Corresponding author
nuria.garcia@udl.cat

Corresponding author.
, Fernando Senar-Morerab, Agnès Ros-Morentea, Gemma Filella-Guiua
a Department of Education Sciences, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
b Department of Psychology, Sociology and Social Work, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
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Figures (2)
Tables (8)
Table 1. Descriptive statistics of the constructs comprising the model
Table 2. Prueba T para muestras independientes de las variables que componen el modelo. Diferencias en función del sexo
Table 3. Pearson Correlation Statistics among the variables comprising the model for the boys' group and the girls' group
Table 4. Model invariance comparison between boys and girls
Table 5. Model fit and factorial invariance testing based on sex
Table 6. Standardized parameters extracted from the model
Table 7. Direct, indirect, and total effects on resilience: Mediation analysis
Table 8. Differences in the structural model between boys and girls: invariance analysis
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Abstract

Adolescence presents many challenges and changes, making the prevention of mental disorders significant. Resilience is considered a key factor in understanding the emotional development of adolescents, as it allows them to overcome adversity and learn to generate personal resources that promote their psychological well-being. Emotional awareness and emotional regulation are highlighted as protective factors against adversity. Emotional awareness refers to the ability to recognize, understand, and accept own and others' emotions. In contrast, emotional regulation involves controlling emotions and modifying behavior to achieve goals, adapt to the context, or promote well-being. Although it is known that these factors have an important effect on the resilience capacities of adolescents, few empirical studies analyze this relationship. This study aims to examine the effect of emotional awareness on resilience, as well as the possible mediation of emotional regulation strategies (cognitive reappraisal and suppression), and to consider possible sex differences in a sample of 376 Spanish adolescents. Statistical techniques such as T-Test, Pearson correlation, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation modeling were applied. Factorial invariance between groups was also examined, and a structural invariance analysis was performed. The results indicate that emotional awareness itself does not have a direct effect on the resilience of adolescents. In addition, there are sex differences in the impact of emotional awareness on regulation strategies. Therefore, it is necessary to consider Emotional awareness as a necessary condition for developing adaptive emotional regulation strategies as cognitive restructuring in the design of programs that contemplate the promotion of resilience in adolescents.

Keywords:
Adolescence
Resilience
Emotional awareness
Emotional regulation
Strategies
Sex
Resumen

La adolescencia es una etapa del ciclo vital que presenta muchos desafíos y cambios para los jóvenes, lo que hace que la prevención de trastornos mentales sea importante. La resiliencia se considera un factor clave en la comprensión del desarrollo emocional de los y las adolescentes, ya que se considera que permite a los y las adolescentes superar las adversidades y aprender a generar recursos personales para promover su bienestar psicológico. De acuerdo con investigaciones previas, la consciencia emocional y la regulación emocional adaptativa se destacan como factores protectores frente a la adversidad. El objetivo del presente estudio es examinar el efecto de la consciencia emocional sobre la resiliencia, así como la posible mediación de las estrategias de regulación emocional (revaloración cognitiva y supresión) en esta relación, considerando posibles diferencias según el sexo en una muestra de 376 adolescentes españoles. Para ello, se han aplicado técnicas estadísticas como T-Test, correlación de Pearson, un análisis factorial confirmatorio y un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales. Los resultados indican que la consciencia emocional por sí sola no tiene un efecto directo en la resiliencia de los y las adolescentes pero sí indirecto a través de la reestructuración emocional. Además, existen diferencias de género en cuanto al efecto de la consciencia emocional sobre las estrategias de regulación. Por tanto, es necesario considerar la consciencia emocional como una condición necesaria para desarrollar estrategias de regulación emocional adaptativas como la revaloración cognitiva en el diseño de programas que contemplen la promoción de la resiliencia en los y las adolescentes.

Palabras clave:
Adolescencia
Resiliencia
Consciencia emocional
Regulación emocional
Estrategias
Sexo

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