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Vol. 27. Issue 1.
Pages 28-39 (January - February 2017)
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Vol. 27. Issue 1.
Pages 28-39 (January - February 2017)
Original Article
Risk of uterine rupture in vaginal birth after cesarean: Systematic review
Riesgo de rotura uterina en el parto vaginal tras cesárea: revisión sistemática
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Pedro Hidalgo-Lopezosaa,b,
Corresponding author
phlopezosa@uco.es

Corresponding author.
, María Hidalgo-Maestreb
a Unidad de Partos, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
b Facultad de Medicina y Enfermería, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
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Table 1. Analysis of the most important articles included in the study.
Abstract
Objective

To assess the risk of uterine rupture (UR) in attempted vaginal birth after cesarean and to identify risk factors.

Methods

Systematic review by consulting the following databases: PubMed (MEDLINE), Cochrane Library Plus, Embase, Nursing@Ovid, Cuidatge and Dialnet. The search was conducted between January and March 2015. MeSH descriptors used were: vaginal birth after cesarean; uterine rupture; labour induced and labour obstetric or trial of labour. There were no restrictions on date or language. The selection of articles was performed by 2 independent reviewers, standardised and unblinded. A critical review of the summary was conducted, and if was necessary, the full text was consulted. Prospective and retrospective documents were included.

Results

A total of 39 documents were included for their relevance and interest. Few clinical trials were found. The UR incidence on the results of the studies analysed ranged from 0.15 to 0.98% in spontaneous labour; 0.3–1.5% in stimulation and induction with oxytocin, and 0.68–2.3% in prostaglandin inductions.

Conclusions

The success of vaginal birth after cesarean is important and improves when conditions are optimal. However it is not without risks, the main one being UR. Induction of labour with oxytocin and/or prostaglandins appears as the main risk factor, while the spontaneous onset of labour and a prior vaginal birth are protective factors.

Keywords:
Vaginal birth after cesarean
Uterine rupture
Labour induced
Trial of labour
Resumen
Objetivo

Valorar el riesgo de rotura uterina (RU) en el intento de parto vaginal después de cesárea y determinar los factores de riesgo.

Métodos

Revisión sistemática consultando las siguientes bases de datos: PubMed (MEDLINE), Biblioteca Cochrane Plus, Embase, Nursing@Ovid, Cuidatge y Dialnet. La consulta se realizó entre enero y marzo de 2015. Se utilizaron los descriptores MeSH: vaginal birth after cesarean; uterine rupture; labor induced y labor obstetric o trial of labor. No hubo restricción de fecha ni idioma. La selección de artículos se realizó por 2 revisores de forma estandarizada, independiente y no cegada. Se llevó a cabo una revisión crítica del resumen y, cuando fue necesario, se accedió al texto completo. Se incluyeron artículos prospectivos y retrospectivos.

Resultados

Se incluyeron un total de 39 documentos por su interés y relevancia. Se encontraron escasos ensayos clínicos. Los rangos de incidencia de RU en los resultados de los trabajos analizados han oscilado entre 0,15-0,98% en trabajo de parto espontáneo; 0,3-1,5% en estimulación e inducción con oxitocina, y 0,68-2,3% en inducciones con prostaglandinas.

Conclusiones

El éxito del parto vaginal tras cesárea es importante y mejora cuando las condiciones son óptimas. Sin embargo, no está exento de riesgos, siendo el principal la RU. La inducción del parto con oxitocina y/o prostaglandinas figura como el principal factor de riesgo para la RU, mientras que el inicio espontáneo del parto y el antecedente de un parto vaginal son factores protectores.

Palabras clave:
Parto vaginal después de cesárea
Rotura uterina
Parto inducido
Trabajo de parto

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