Información del artículo
Resumen
En los últimos años existe una creciente preocupación acerca del efecto que los fármacos anestésicos utilizados durante una cirugía oncológica pueden tener sobre la progresión tumoral a largo plazo, así como de la influencia de otros factores perioperatorios. Aunque muchos de los datos de que disponemos tienen evidencia débil, se ha valorado en diversos estudios el papel de la propia cirugía, del dolor, de la trasfusión de derivados sanguíneos, etc. Se ha observado en estudios de laboratorio cómo algunas sustancias utilizadas durante un proceso anestésico influyen en la inmunovigilancia tumoral, la proliferación celular o los procesos de angiogénesis tumoral. La posible relevancia clínica de la técnica anestésica utilizada respecto a la progresión tumoral a largo plazo y la supervivencia está aún por determinar. Sin embargo, según estudios retrospectivos, parece que aquellas técnicas anestésicas combinadas con la utilización de anestesia y analgesia regional pueden resultar beneficiosas respecto a aquellas que se sustentan en la utilización de opioides. Futuras investigaciones deben ayudar a esclarecer la relevancia clínica a largo plazo de los procedimientos perioperatorios, incluyendo el anestésico, durante una cirugía oncológica.
Palabras clave:
Anestesia
Cirugía
Cáncer
Tumoral
Diseminación
Regional
Epidural
Angiogénesis
Opioides
Abstract
There has been growing concern in the last few years on the effect of anaesthetic drugs used during oncological surgery could have on tumour progression in the long-term, as well as the influence of other perioperative factors. Although much of the available data has weak evidence, the role of the surgery itself, pain, transfusion of blood derivatives, etc., have been assessed in several studies. How some substances used during the anaesthetic process can influence tumour immune surveillance, cell proliferation or tumour angiogenesis processes have been observed in laboratory studies. The possible relevance of the anaesthetic technique used as regards the long-term tumour progression and survival is still to be determined. However, based on retrospective studies, it seems that those anaesthetic techniques combined with the use of regional anaesthesia and analgesia could be beneficial compared to those that are maintained on opioid use. Further research should help to elucidate the long-term clinical relevance of the perioperative procedures, including the anaesthetic, during oncological surgery.
Keywords:
Anaesthesia
Surgery
Cancer
Tumour
Dissemination
Regional
Epidural
Angiogenesis
Opioids
Artículo
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