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ORIGINAL BREVE
Evaluación de la efectividad de un procedimiento de identificación de pacientes con alergia en urgencias pediátricas
Evaluation of the effectiveness of a procedure for identifying patients with allergy in paediatric emergency rooms
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M. Escobar Castellanos
Corresponding author
mariaescobarcastellanos121091@gmail.com

Autor para correspondencia.
, A.A. Mora Capín, A. Merino Hernández, R. Marañón
Servicio Urgencias Pediátricas. Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, España
This item has received
Received 24 March 2020. Accepted 17 February 2021
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Tabla 1. Porcentaje de pacientes correcta e incorrectamente identificados
Resumen
Introducción

La correcta identificación del paciente con alergia es un punto crítico para su seguridad, ya que supone un riesgo potencial de que ocurra un evento adverso (EA) grave. En una Urgencia Pediátrica con un sistema integrado de gestión de calidad y gestión de riesgos enfocado a la mejora continua de la calidad asistencial y de la seguridad del paciente, los sistemas de notificación de incidentes permitieron identificar un riesgo potencial derivado del registro de alergias en las nuevas aplicaciones informáticas. Como barrera de seguridad se implantó un procedimiento de identificación de pacientes con alergia, mediante una pegatina colocada en la pulsera identificativa (ROJA: alergia; BLANCA: no-alergias).

Material y métodos

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo para evaluar, mediante observación directa, la correcta identificación de pacientes con alergia aplicando este nuevo protocolo y se analizaron las notificaciones de incidentes relacionadas con dicho procedimiento.

Resultados

Se incluyeron 342 pacientes de los cuales 327 (95,6%; IC 95%: 93,4-97,8%) se identificaron correctamente. Los errores de identificación fueron más frecuentes en el grupo de pacientes con alergias (10 de 45; 22,2%; IC 95%: 10,1-34,4%) frente al grupo sin alergias: 5 de 297; 1,7%; IC 95%: 0,2-3,2; p<0,001. No se notificó ningún EA. Se identificaron dos cuasi-incidentes antes de alcanzar al paciente gracias a la aplicación del protocolo.

Conclusiones

Este procedimiento es una barrera de seguridad útil y fácilmente exportable a otras unidades. Es necesario seguir trabajando para fomentar la adhesión de los profesionales al protocolo y mejorar la correcta identificación del paciente con alergia.

Palabras clave:
Seguridad del paciente
Estandarización
Pulsera identificativa
Pacientes con alergias
Incidencias
Errores de medicación
Abstract
Introduction

Correct identification of the patient with an allergy is critical for patient safety, since it involves a potential risk of a serious adverse event (AE).

Our Emergency Pediatric department has an integrated quality management and risk management system focused on the continuous improvement of patient care quality and safety, which incident reporting system could identified a potential risk arising from the registration of allergies in new computer softwares. As a safety barrier, an allergy identification procedure was implemented, using a sticker placed on the identification bracelet (RED: allergy; WHITE: non-allergies).

Materials and methods

A descriptive study was conducted to evaluate, by direct observation, the correct identification of patients with allergy using this new protocol. The reports of incidents related to this procedure were analyzed.

Results

Of the 342 patients included, 327 (95.6% (95%:93.4-97.8%)) were correctly identified. Identification errors were most common in the group of patients with allergies [10 of 45; 22.2% (95%:10.1-34.4%) than in the non-allergic group: 5 of 297; 1.7% (95%:0.2-3.2); p<0.001)]. No AEs were reported. 2 quasi-incidents detected before reaching the patient were reported thanks of the protocol application.

Conclusions

This procedure is a useful safety barrier and can be easily exported to other units. Further work is needed to promote the professional's adherence to the protocol and improve the correct identification of the patient with allergy.

Keywords:
Patient safety
Standarization
Patient wristbands
Patient alergies
Medication
Medication mistakes

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