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Vol. 64. Issue S3.
Supplement “Pulmonary Interstitial Pathology”
Pages 265-276 (December 2022)
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Vol. 64. Issue S3.
Supplement “Pulmonary Interstitial Pathology”
Pages 265-276 (December 2022)
Cystic lung disease
Enfermedades quísticas pulmonares
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521
B. Cabeza Martíneza,
Corresponding author
beatrizcabeza66@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, A. Giménez Palleirob, S.P. Mazzini Florindezb
a Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
b Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
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Vol. 64. Issue S3

Supplement “Pulmonary Interstitial Pathology”

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Abstract

The term cystic lung disease encompasses a heterogeneous group of entities characterised by round lung lesions that correspond to cysts with fine walls, which usually contain air. The differential diagnosis of these lesions can be challenging, requiring both clinical and radiological perspectives. Entities such as pulmonary emphysema and cystic bronchiectasis can simulate cystic disease.

High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) is the imaging technique of choice for the evaluation and diagnosis of cystic lung disease, because it confirms the presence of lung disease and establishes the correct diagnosis of the associated complications. In many cases, the diagnosis can be established based on the HRCT findings, thus making histologic confirmation unnecessary. For these reasons, radiologists need to be familiar with the different presentations of these entities.

A wide variety of diseases are characterised by the presence of diffuse pulmonary cysts. Among these, the most common are lymphangioleiomyomatosis, which may or may not be associated with tuberous sclerosis, Langerhans cell histiocytosis, and lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia. Other, less common entities include Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome, amyloidosis, and light-chain deposit disease.

This article describes the characteristics and presentations of some of these entities, emphasizing the details that can help differentiate among them.

Keywords:
Pulmonary cyst
Emphysema
Pneumatocele
Cystic bronchiectasis
Honeycombing
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis
Langerhans cell histiocytosis
Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome
Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia
Follicular bronchiolitis
Amyloidosis
Resumen

Las enfermedades quísticas pulmonares engloban a un grupo heterogéneo de entidades, caracterizadas por la presencia de quistes, correspondientes a lesiones pulmonares redondeadas de contenido usualmente aéreo y de pared fina. Su diagnóstico diferencial constituye un reto, que debe de ser manejado desde una perspectiva clínica y también radiológica. Entidades como el enfisema pulmonar y las bronquiectasias quísticas pueden simular enfermedades quísticas.

La tomografía computarizada de alta resolución es el método de imagen de elección en la evaluación y el diagnóstico de las enfermedades quísticas pulmonares, ya que confirma la presencia de enfermedad pulmonar y establece el correcto diagnóstico de las complicaciones asociadas. En muchos casos, el diagnóstico se establecerá preferentemente con base en los hallazgos presentes en esta técnica de imagen, obviando la necesidad de una comprobación anatomopatológica. Por estas razones, el radiólogo debe familiarizarse con las diferentes presentaciones de estas entidades.

Una amplia variedad de enfermedades se caracteriza por la presencia de quistes pulmonares difusos. Entre ellas, las más frecuentes son las linfangioleiomiomatosis, asociadas o no a esclerosis tuberosa, la histiocitosis de células de Langerhans y la neumonía intersticial linfoide. Otras entidades menos frecuentes son el síndrome de Birt-Hogg-Dubé, la amiloidosis y la enfermedad por depósito de cadenas ligeras.

En este artículo se describen las características y las formas de presentación de algunas de estas entidades, haciendo hincapié en los detalles diferenciales de las mismas.

Palabras clave:
Quiste pulmonar
Enfisema
Neumatocele
Bronquiectasias quísticas
Panal
Linfangioleiomiomatosis
Histiocitosis de células de langerhans
Birt-Hogg-Dubé
Neumonía intersticial linfoide
Bronquiolitis folicular
Amiloidosis

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