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Revista de Psicodidáctica (English Edition) Anxiety, emotional regulation and academic performance in early primary students...
Journal Information
Vol. 30. Issue 2.
(July - December 2025)
Vol. 30. Issue 2.
(July - December 2025)
Original
Anxiety, emotional regulation and academic performance in early primary students: impact of an intervention
Ansiedad, regulación emocional y rendimiento académico del alumnado de ciclo inicial de Educación Primaria: Impacto de una intervención
Raquel Gomis, Núria Garcia-Blanc
Corresponding author
nuria.garcia@udl.cat

Corresponding author.
, Agnès Ros-Morente, Gemma Filella
Department of Educational Sciences, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
Article information
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Figures (2)
Tables (9)
Table 1. Characteristics of the study sample
Tables
Table 2. Descriptive statistics
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Table 3. Variable correlations
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Table 4. Factorial invariance analysis between pretest and posttest
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Table 5. Factor loadings and reliability over time (pretest–posttest)
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Table 6. Final model fit
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Table 7. Standardized parameters from the model
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Table 8. Direct, indirect, and total effects on academic performance
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Table 9. Invariance analysis: Structural differences between pretest and posttest
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Abstract

This study explores the relationship between anxiety, emotional regulation, and academic performance in early Primary Education, examining the effects of an intervention targeting emotional skills. A quasi-experimental design with pre- and posttests was implemented, involving 430 first- and second-grade students. Through a linear mixed model, the interactions between different time points (pretest–posttest) and groups (control and experimental) are analyzed. Additionally, a Structural Equation Model (SEM) is conducted to analyze the relationships between anxiety, emotional regulation, and academic performance before and after the intervention. Intervention, based on an emotional competencies model, enhances emotional regulation. Regarding the SEM model, the results indicate a negative relationship between anxiety and academic performance and a positive relationship between emotional regulation and performance. Emotional regulation acts as a mediator in this relationship, but only after the intervention. These findings highlight the importance of developing emotional competencies in primary education to improve well-being and academic performance, although more specific interventions are needed to reduce anxiety. This study provides new perspectives on how emotional regulation and anxiety influence academic performance in the early school years.

Keywords:
anxiety
emotional regulation
academic performance
primary education
structural equations
Resumen

Este estudio examina la relación entre la ansiedad, la regulación emocional y el rendimiento académico del alumnado de ciclo inicial de Educación Primaria, evaluando el impacto de una intervención en competencias emocionales. Se ha utilizado un diseño cuasi-experimental con pretest y postest y grupo control, involucrando a 430 niños y niñas de 1º y 2º de primaria. A través de un modelo lineal mixto se analizan las interacciones entre diferentes momentos (pretest-postest) y grupos (control y experimental). Además, se realiza un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales donde se analizan las relaciones entre ansiedad, regulación emocional y rendimiento académico antes y después de la intervención. La intervención, basada en un modelo de competencias emocionales, mejora la regulación emocional. En cuanto al modelo de ecuaciones estructurales (SEM, Structural Equation Modeling), los resultados indican una relación negativa entre la ansiedad y el rendimiento académico, y una relación positiva entre la regulación emocional y el rendimiento. La regulación emocional actúa como mediador en esta relación, pero solo después de la intervención. Estos hallazgos subrayan la importancia de trabajar las competencias emocionales en la Educación Primaria para mejorar el bienestar y el rendimiento académico, aunque para reducir la ansiedad se requieren intervenciones más específicas. Este estudio aporta nuevas perspectivas sobre cómo la regulación emocional y la ansiedad influyen en el rendimiento académico en las primeras etapas escolares.

Palabras clave:
ansiedad
regulación emocional
rendimiento académico
Educación Primaria
ecuaciones estructurales

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