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Vol. 29. Issue 1.
Pages 28-38 (January - June 2024)
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Vol. 29. Issue 1.
Pages 28-38 (January - June 2024)
Original
Responsibility as a predictor of climate and school violence through autonomous motivation in Physical Education classes: Differences based on sex and educational stage
La responsabilidad como predictor del clima y la violencia escolar a través de la motivación autónoma en las clases de Educación Física: diferencias en función del sexo y la etapa educativa
David Manzano-Sáncheza, Alfonso Valero-Valenzuelab,
Corresponding author
avalero@um.es

Corresponding author at. Department of Physical Activity and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Murcia, PC: 30720. C/ Argentina, s/n. Santiago de la Ribera, Murcia, Spain.
, David Hortigüela-Alcalác
a Health, Physical Activity and Education Research Group (SAFE), Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Extremadura, Spain
b Health, Physical Activity and Education Research Group (SAFE), Department of Physical Activity and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Murcia, Spain
c Teaching and Research in Physical Education Research Group (ENIEF), Didactics of Corporal Expression Area, Faculty of Education, University of Burgos, Spain
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Tables (3)
Table 1. Descriptive analysis of the sample, correlations, reliability and validity
Table 2. Measurement invariance of the model depending on the educational stage
Table 3. Multivariate analysis based on educational stage (MANOVA)
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Abstract

The purpose of this study was to analyse the predictive power of responsibility on the index of psychological mediators, this on the autonomous motivation, and this on the school climate and the perception of school violence through the Self-Determination Theory. A second objective was to verify the possible differences that may exist according to gender and educational stage. To this end, data were collected by means of self-reported questionnaires in different Secondary and Primary Education centres in Physical Education classes, with a sample of 1007 students from Primary (n = 294), Secondary (n = 601) and Baccalaureate and training cycles (n = 112), with a mean age of M = 13.30 (SD = 2.86). Of the participants, 53.6% were girls (n = 540) and 46.4% boys (n = 467). The data were analysed with IBM SPSS 25.0 and AMOS 23.0 software, using structural equation analysis. The results verified the predictive ability of accountability on the index of psychological mediators, autonomous motivation and on school climate and perception of school violence. The analysis of factorial invariance of the model confirmed its robustness to gender, but not to educational stage. According to educational stage, the analysis of variance showed significant differences between Primary School and Secondary School and Baccalaureate/Training, with younger students showing higher values for all variables except violence. It is concluded that responsibility has a relevant role in the educational environment, due to its predictive power on the school climate and school violence, as well as on the satisfaction of basic psychological needs and autonomous motivation, following the Self-Determination Theory. At the same time, students in higher educational stages presented lower values of responsibility, making it necessary to work on it in the classroom. It is recommended that future research should investigate, on the one hand, interventions where the central core is the promotion of responsibility, in addition to conducting longitudinal analyses with samples of students in different contexts, checking whether the model of this study is corroborated and allows creating a line of work for the improvement of school climate and the reduction of the perception of violence.

Keywords:
Motivation
Physical Education
Educational Values
Psychology
Basic Psychological Needs
Resumen

El propósito del presente estudio es analizar el poder predictivo de la responsabilidad sobre el índice de mediadores psicológicos, de este sobre la motivación autónoma y esta sobre el clima escolar y la percepción de violencia escolar a través de la Teoría de la Autodeterminación. Un segundo objetivo ha sido comprobar las posibles diferencias que puedan existir en función del sexo y la etapa educativa. Para ello, se han recogido datos mediante cuestionarios auto reportados en diferentes centros de Educación Secundaria y Educación Primaria en las clases de Educación Física, para lo que se ha contado con una muestra de 1007 estudiantes de Primaria (n = 294), Secundaria (n = 601) y Bachillerato y ciclos formativos (n = 112), con una edad media de M = 13.30. (DT = 2.86). De los participantes, un 53.6% han sido chicas (n = 540) y un 46.4% chicos (n = 467). Se han analizado los datos con el software IBM SPSS 25.0 y AMOS 23.0, mediante un análisis de ecuaciones estructurales. Los resultados verifican la capacidad de predicción de la responsabilidad sobre el índice de mediadores psicológicos, la motivación autónoma y sobre el clima y la percepción de la violencia escolar. El análisis de la invarianza factorial del modelo ha confirmado su robustez en función del sexo, pero no de la etapa educativa. Según la etapa educativa, el análisis de la varianza arroja diferencias significativas en Primaria respecto a Secundaria y Bachillerato/Ciclos Formativos, mostrando los estudiantes de menor edad valores más altos en todas las variables excepto en la violencia. Se concluye que la responsabilidad posee un papel relevante en el entorno educativo por su poder de predicción sobre el clima del centro y la violencia escolar, además de sobre la satisfacción de las necesidades psicológicas básicas y de la motivación autónoma, siguiendo la Teoría de la Autodeterminación. A su vez, los estudiantes de etapas educativas superiores presentan valores más reducidos de responsabilidad, haciéndose necesario su trabajo en las aulas. Se recomienda que futuras investigaciones indaguen, por un lado, en intervenciones donde el núcleo central sea el fomento de la responsabilidad, además de realizar análisis longitudinales con muestras de estudiantes en diversos contextos, comprobando si el modelo del presente estudio se corrobora y permite crear una línea de trabajo para la mejora del clima escolar y la reducción de la percepción de violencia.

Palabras clave:
Motivación
Educación Física
Valores Educativos
Psicología
Necesidades Psicológicas Básicas

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