Buscar en
Gastroenterología y Hepatología
Toda la web
Inicio Gastroenterología y Hepatología Hemorragia digestiva baja por Dieulafoy de colon ascendente
Journal Information
Vol. 24. Issue 7.
Pages 343-345 (January 2001)
Share
Share
Download PDF
More article options
Vol. 24. Issue 7.
Pages 343-345 (January 2001)
Full text access
Hemorragia digestiva baja por Dieulafoy de colon ascendente
Lower gastrointestinal bleeding due to dieulafoy's lesion in the upper colon
Visits
5686
P.A. Rivera Vaquerizo
Corresponding author
med002517@nacom.es

Correspondencia: Dr. P.A. Rivera Vaquerizo. Baños 59, 7.° A. 02005 Albacete.
, J.M. Barajas Martínez, M. Blasco Colmenarejo, M. Vicente Gutiérrez, V. García García, R. Pérez Flores
This item has received
Article information
Resumen

La lesión de Dieulafoy es una anomalía vascular localizada habitualmente en el estómago proximal, también descrita en otras localizaciones del tubo digestivo y, entre ellas, la colorectal.

Es más frecuente en varones a una edad media de 50-70 años, representando menos del 2% de las causas de hemorragia gastrointestinal aguda.

Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 66 años en tratamiento con diclofenaco oral que consultó por deposiciones melénicas, objetivando en una gastroscopia erosiones agudas bulbares sin signos de sangrado. Tras la retirada de diclofenaco y la instauración de tratamiento con omeprazol persistieron las deposiciones patológicas, por lo que ingresó a los 7 días. En la colonoscopia se observó una hemorragia activa en el colon ascendente que cedió tras una esclerosis con oleato de etanolamina. Tras el alta reingresó a los 10 días por resangrado. La nueva gastroscopia fue normal y en la colonoscopia realizada a los 3 días no se objetivó sangrado ni lesiones. La patogenia de la lesión de Dieulafoy es mal conocida, aunque se cree que una erosión de la mucosa que recubre un vaso podría ser la causa. El diagnóstico de certeza es histológico, aunque se han descrito signos endoscópicos para su diagnóstico. En ocasiones el diagnóstico endoscópico es difícil y se debe recurrir a la arteriografía, que puede ser diagnóstica y terapéutica.

El tratamiento de elección es endoscópico, siendo recomendable la utilización de 2 métodos hemostáticos. Si éstos fracasan se deberá recurrir a la cirugía, siendo la arteriografía una buena alternativa en malos candidatos a la cirugía.

Abstract

Dieulafoy's lesion is a vascular anomaly generally located in the proximal stomach, although it has also been documented in other areas such as the colorectum. It is mainly found in men aged between 50 and 70 years, and represents less than 2% of acute gastrointestinal hemorrhagic episodes.

A 66-year-old woman who was undergoing oral Diclofenac treatment presented with black stools. Endoscopy revealed acute duodenal erosions with no signs of bleeding. Black stools persisted after Diclofenac was discontinued and omeprazole treatment was started and the patient was admitted to hospital after 7 days. Colonoscopy revealed active bleeding in the upper colon, which ceased after sclerosis with ethanolamine oleate. The patient was discharged from hospital but was readmitted 10 days later because of rebleeding. The results of upper endoscopy were normal and colonoscopy performed 3 days later detected neither lesions nor bleeding.

The pathogenesis of Dieulafoy's lesion is not well known, although it could be caused by erosion of the mucous lining of a vessel. Definitive diagnosis is histologic, although certain endoscopic diagnostic signs have been described. Endoscopic diagnosis is sometimes difficult; in such cases, arteriography should be employed, both for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.

The treatment of choice is endoscopic and the use of two hemostatic methods is advisable. If these procedures fail, surgery is required. Arteriography is the most suitable alternative in patients who are poor candidates for surgery.

Full text is only aviable in PDF
Bibliografía
[1.]
T. Gallard.
Miliary aneurisms of the stomach giving cause to fatal hematemetesis.
Bull Soc Med Hop Paris, 1 (1884), pp. 84-91
[2.]
G. Dieulafoy.
Exulceration simplex: L'intervention chirurgicale dans la hematemeses foudroyantes consecutives a l'exulceration simple de l'estomac.
Bull Acad Med, 39 (1897), pp. 49-84
[3.]
I.D. Norton, B.T. Petersen, D. Sorbi, R.K. Balm, G.L. Alexander, C.J. Gostout.
Management and long-term prognosis of Dieulafoy lesion.
Gastrointest Endosc, 50 (1999), pp. 762-767
[4.]
F. Maire, C. Séller, J.P. Cervoni, C. Danel, J.P. Barbier, B. Landi.
Ulcère de Dieulafoy colique.
Gastroenterol Clin Biol, 22 (1998), pp. 958-960
[5.]
M.E. Stark, C.J. Gostout, R.K. Balm.
Clinical features and endoscopic management of Dieulafoy's disease.
Gastrointest Endosc, 38 (1992), pp. 545-550
[6.]
C.C. Dobson, A.A. Nicholson.
Treatment of rectal hemorrhage by coil embolization.
Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol, 22 (1999), pp. 143-146
[7.]
H.F. Reilly, F.H. Al-Kawas.
Dieulafoy's lesion: diagnosis and management.
Dig Dis Sci, 36 (1991), pp. 1702-1707
[8.]
S. Ravi, A.C. Keat, E.C.B. Keat.
Colitis caused by NSAID.
Postgrad Med J, 62 (1986), pp. 773-776
[9.]
B. Baettig, W. Haecki, F. Lammer, R. Jost.
Dieulafoy's disease: endoscopic treatment and follow up.
Gut, 34 (1993), pp. 1418-1421
[10.]
D. D'Imperio, C. Papadia, D. Baroncini, A. Piemontese, P. Billi.
N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate in the endoscopic treatment of Dieulafoy ulcer [resumen].
Endoscopy, 27 (1995), pp. 216
[11.]
M.F. Abdelmalek, B.A. Pockaj, J.A. Leighton.
Rectal bleeding from a mucous fistula secondary to a Dieulafoy's lesion.
J Clin Gastroenterol, 24 (1997), pp. 259-261
[12.]
T.E. Meister, G.W. Varilek, L.S. Marsano, L.K. Gates, Y. Al-Tawil, W.J.S. Villiers.
Endoscopic management of rectal Dieulafoy-like lesions: a case series and review of literature.
Gastrointest Endosc, 48 (1998), pp. 302-305
[13.]
N.M. Dy, C.J. Gostout, R.K. Balm.
Bleeding from the endoscopically-identified Dieulafoy lesion of the proximal small intestine and colon.
Am J Gastroenterol, 90 (1995), pp. 108-111
[14.]
A. Bakka, A.R. Rosseland.
Massive gastric bleeding from exulceratio simplex (Dieulafoy).
Acta Chir Scand, 152 (1986), pp. 285-288
[15.]
R. Pointner, G. Schwab, A. Konigsrainer, O. Dietze.
Endoscopic treatment of Dieulafoy's disease.
Gastroenterology, 94 (1988), pp. 563-566
[16.]
K.F. Murray, R.W. Jennings, V.L. Fox.
Endoscopic band ligation of a Dieulafoy lesion in the small intestine of a child.
Gastrointest Endosc, 44 (1996), pp. 336-339
[17.]
Y. Sone, S. Nakano, I. Takeda, T. Kumada, S. Kiriyama, Y. Hisanaga.
Massive hemorrhage from a Dieulafoy lesion in the cecum: successful endoscopic management.
Gastrointest Endosc, 51 (2000), pp. 510-512
[18.]
D.M. Scheider, M.J. Bourke, A. Ghambari, G. Kandel, P. Kortan, N. Marcon, et al.
Dieulafoy's disease: clinical features and endoscopic predictors of rebleeding [resumen].
Gastrointest Endosc, 41 (1995), pp. 370
[19.]
H. Rosenkrantz, J.J. Bookstein, R.J. Rosen, W.B. Goff 2d, J.F. Healy.
Postembolic colonic infarction.
[20.]
R.J. Rosen, G. Sánchez.
Angiographic diagnosis and management of gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Current concepts.
Radiol Clin North Am, 32 (1994), pp. 951-967
Copyright © 2001. Elsevier España, S.L.. Todos los derechos reservados
Article options
Tools
es en pt

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?

Você é um profissional de saúde habilitado a prescrever ou dispensar medicamentos