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Vol. 59. Issue 2.
Pages 62-69 (January 2008)
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Vol. 59. Issue 2.
Pages 62-69 (January 2008)
Undiagnosed Cases of Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Syndrome: A New Reason for Involvement of Otorhinolaryngologists
Casos no diagnosticados de síndrome de apnea obstructiva del sueño: un nuevo motivo de implicación para el otorrinolaringólogo
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Eduard Estellera,
Corresponding author
esteller@abaforum.es

Correspondence: Servicio de Otorrinolaringología. Hospital General de Catalunya. Pere i Pons. 08190 San Cugat del Vallès. Barcelona. España.
, Paula Huertaa, Francesc Segarrab, Eusebi Matiñóa, Anna Enriquea, J.M. Ademàa
a Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Hospital General de Catalunya, San Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
b Unidad del Sueño, Hospital General de Catalunya, San Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
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Introduction

In Spain there are around 2 million people with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome who should be treated. However, less than 10% have been diagnosed and treated. Untreated patients are associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular and neurological complications, higher accident rates, reduced quality of life, and greater healthcare consumption. It is necessary, therefore, to reduce these consequences through early diagnosis and treatment.

Objective

To demonstrate the usefulness of a simple series of questions and examination as a mechanism to detect patients with undiagnosed obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome, in a consultation with a general otorhinolaryngologist.

Material and method

Five hundred two consecutive patients coming to an otorhinolaryngological consultation for reasons other than sleep pathology were submitted to a series of questions and an examination of upper aerodigestive tract, to search for indications of suspected sleep apnoea. For the different clinical and anatomical comparisons, a control group of 178 consecutive already-diagnosed patients was used.

Results

Of the 502 cases, 74 (14.7%) fulfilled the requirements for suspicion and 35 of them agreed to take a polysomnograph test (47.29%). Of this group, an apnoea/hypopnoea index greater than 5 was found in 24 of the 35 cases (4.78%).

Conclusions

The prevalence of obstructive sleep apnoea in the group of patients studied is greater than that of the general population. With a simple interview and physical examination, a high rate of success can be obtained in the detection of undiagnosed sleep apnoea cases.

Key words:
Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome
Otorhinolaryngology
Undiagnosed cases of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome
Examination of upper aerodigestive tract
Introducción

En España hay alrededor de 2 millones de sujetos portadores de un síndrome de apnea obstructiva del sueño subsidiarios de tratamiento. Sin embargo, tan sólo se ha diagnosticado y tratado menos del 10%. Los pacientes no tratados tienen un riesgo superior de complicaciones cardiovasculares y neurológicas, mayor accidentabilidad, reducción en calidad de vida y mayores consumos sanitarios. Es necesario, por tanto, reducir estas consecuencias mediante un diagnóstico y un tratamiento precoces.

Objetivo

Demostrar la utilidad de un interrogatorio y una exploración sencillos, como mecanismo de detección de pacientes con síndrome de apnea obstructiva del sueño no diagnosticado, en una consulta de otorrinolaringología general.

Material y metodo

A 502 pacientes consecutivos, que acuden a la consulta de otorrinolaringología por un motivo diferente de patología de sueño, se los somete a un interrogatorio y la exloración de vías aerodigestivas altas en busca de criterios de sospecha de apnea del sueño. Los casos con sospecha clínica son invitados a realizar una polisomnografía nocturna. Para las diferentes comparaciones clínicas y anatómicas se ha utilizado un grupo control de 178 pacientes consecutivos ya diagnosticados.

Resultados

De los 502 casos, 74 (14,7%) cumplen los requisitos de sospecha y 35 (47,29%) de ellos acceden a la práctica de la polisomnografía. En este último grupo se obtuvo un índice de apnea/hipopnea (IAH) superior a 5, en 24 de los 35 casos (4,78%).

Conclusiones

La prevalencia de apnea obstructiva del sueño en el grupo de pacientes analizados es superior a la de la población general. Con un sencillo interrogatorio y la exploración física, se puede obtener un alto rendimiento en la detección de casos no diagnosticados de apnea del sueño.

Palabras clave:
Síndrome de apnea obstructiva del sueño
Otorrinolaringología
Casos no diagnosticados de apnea obstructiva del sueño
Exploración de vías aerodigestivas superiores

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