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Inicio Acta Otorrinolaringológica Española Long-term Persistence of Obstructive Sleep Apnoea–hypopnoea Syndrome in Childr...
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Vol. 63. Issue 2.
Pages 85-92 (March - April 2012)
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Vol. 63. Issue 2.
Pages 85-92 (March - April 2012)
Original article
Long-term Persistence of Obstructive Sleep Apnoea–hypopnoea Syndrome in Children Treated With Adenotonsillectomy. Analysis of Prognostic Factors
Persistencia a largo plazo del síndrome de la apnea-hipopnea obstructiva del sueño infantil tratada con adenoamigdalectomía. Análisis de factores pronósticos
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Eduard Esteller Moréa,
Corresponding author
Esteller@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Paola Santos Acostaa, Francesc Segarra Isernb, Roser Lopez Diua, Eusebi Matiño Solera, Joan Manel Ademà Alcovera, Eduard Estivill Sanchob
a Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Hospital General de Catalunya, San Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
b Servicio de la Unidad del Sueño, Hospital General de Catalunya, San Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
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Tables (4)
Table 1. Epidemiological and Physical Examination Data From the 80 Study Patients.
Table 2. Preoperative Dentofacial, Behavioural and Neurocognitive Values for the Study Group.
Table 3. Clinical Data for the Study Group Before and After Surgery.
Table 4. Epidemiological, Clinical and Physical Examination Data Compared Between the Groups of Persistence and Non-persistence of the Disorder.
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Abstract
Introduction

Treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea–hypopnoea syndrome in children with adenotonsillectomy is effective but has a moderate rate of persistent disease.

Objectives

To analyse the rate of persistence of sleep apnoea–hypopnoea syndrome in a group of adenotonsillectomy-treated paediatric patients and to assess the possible prognostic factors.

Methods

Prospective study of 80 patients aged between 2 and 13 years who had obstructive sleep apnoea–hypopnoea syndrome, treated with adenotonsillectomy. All patients had been followed up clinically and by polysomnography for 1 year after surgery. We analysed the epidemiological and clinical factors that could negatively affect the outcome of surgery.

Results

The median age was 5.25±2.05 years and the mean apnoea–hypopnoea index (AHI) was 8.13±6.06. One year after surgery, all clinical parameters improved significantly and the mean AHI was 2.50. Persistent disease (AHI ≥3) was present in 21 of the patients (26.3%). The comparative analysis of clinical and epidemiological factors between the group of non-persistence and persistence did not obtain statistically significant differences in age, sex, tonsillar size, Friedman degree, or severity of preoperative disease. The only significant factor was that patients without persistence were more obese.

Conclusion

The results of our study about the persistence of obstructive sleep apnoea–hypopnoea syndrome after adenotonsillectomy are significant enough to recommend follow-up with polysomnography, especially in high-risk groups. In the series presented here, we were not able to demonstrate these risk factors. Our results are probably conditioned by the characteristics of the population studied: low age, low obesity rate, and less severe levels of apnoea–hypopnoea index.

Keywords:
Sleep apnoea–hypopnoea syndrome in children
Adenotonsillectomy
Persistence of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome in children
Prognostic factors in children's obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome
Resumen
Introducción

La adenoamigdalectomía (AA) para tratar el síndrome de apnea obstructiva del sueño (SAHOS) infantil es efectiva, pero presenta una moderada tasa de persistencia.

Objetivo

Analizar la tasa de persistencia en un grupo de pacientes pediátricos tratados con AA y los posibles factores pronósticos.

Métodos

Estudio prospectivo con 80 pacientes, entre dos y 13 años de edad, sometidos a AA por SAHOS. Seguidos clínica y polisomnográficamente a un año de la cirugía. Se analizan los factores epidemiológicos y clínicos que pudieran afectar negativamente el resultado de la cirugía.

Resultados

La edad media fue de 5,25±2,05 años y el índice de apnea-hipopnea (IAH) medio de 8,13±6,06. Al año, todos los parámetros clínicos mejoraron significativamente y el IAH medio es 2,50. Presentaron persistencia de enfermedad (IAH ≥3), 21 casos (26,3%). Del análisis comparativo de los factores clínicos y epidemiológicos entre el grupo con y sin persistencia, no se obtuvieron diferencias significativas ni en edad y sexo, ni en talla y grado amigdalar de Friedman ni en la severidad de la enfermedad preoperatorios. Únicamente resultó significativo que los pacientes sin persistencia eran más obesos.

Conclusión

Las cifras de persistencia del SAHOS después de AA fueron significativas y aconsejaron seguimiento con polisomnografía, especialmente en los grupos de riesgo. En esta serie no se han podido demostrar estos factores de riesgo. Es probable que los resultados estén condicionados por el tipo de población del estudio: edad baja, bajo porcentaje de obesidad y niveles de IAH menos severos.

Palabras clave:
Síndrome de apnea-hipopnea obstructiva del sueño infantil
Adenoamigdalectomía
Persistencia del síndrome de apnea obstructiva del sueño infantil
Factores pronósticos en el síndrome de apnea-hipopnea obstructiva infantil

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