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Vol. 74. Issue 6.
Pages 346-351 (November - December 2023)
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Vol. 74. Issue 6.
Pages 346-351 (November - December 2023)
Original article
Importance of congenital cytomegalovirus in the neonatal hearing screening program
Importancia del citomegalovirus congénito en el programa de cribado auditivo neonatal
Juan David Gutiérrez Possoa,
Corresponding author
Gutierrezjuan.orl@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, José Antonio Anta Escuredoa, Ana Aguirre Unceta-Barrenecheab, Javier Aitor Zabala López de Maturanaa
a Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Hospital Universitario Basurto, Bilbao, Spain
b Servicio de Neonatología, Hospital Universitario Basurto, Bilbao, Spain
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Figures (1)
Tables (6)
Table 1. Summary of the number of newborns between 2016 and 2020 in the reference population of the Basurto University Hospital.
Table 2. Laterality of affected ear according to each patient.
Table 3. Demographic characteristics, age in weeks at birth, birth weight and days of admission to the paediatric intensive care unit of patients with hearing loss and cMVC.
Table 4. Timing of action at each of the levels proposed by CODEPEH according to each patient.
Table 5. Degree of hearing impairment and number of affected ears.
Table 6. Type of intervention and number of ears involved.
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Abstract
Introduction

In newborns, hearing loss secondary to congenital Cytomegalovirus (CMVc) infection, despite its low prevalence, can cause a serious problem in the personal development and social integration of patients. Therefore, it is important to include the determination of CMV DNA as a neonatal screening tool.

Materials and methods

We have carried out a 5-year retrospective study, by describing the CMVc in the Autonomous Community of the Basque Country in newborns who did not pass the hearing screening in the early hearing loss detection program. The times of detection, confirmation (incidence) and intervention (treatment) are described.

Results

Of 18,782 subjects studied, 58 (three per thousand live births) presented hearing loss. Of these, CMVc is guaranteed in four patients (one woman and three men). The mean time to hearing screening was 6.5 days (SD: ±3.69) and to detect CMV by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in urine and saliva was 4.2 days (SD: ± 3.94). Time to confirm hearing loss by BAEP and audiological intervention 2.2 (SD: ±0.957) and 5 months (SD: ±3.741), respectively. Four hearing aid adaptations and one cochlear implant were performed.

Discussion and conclusion

Neonatal hearing screening has established itself as a good public health program. The determination of viral DNA allows an early, specific and interdisciplinary diagnosis and treatment, in which otorhinolaryngology plays a fundamental role. Our study highlights the importance of including CMV PCR as a universal screening tool.

Keywords:
Cytomegalovirus
Congenital hearing loss
Hearing screening
Hearing aids
Cochlear implant
Resumen
Introducción

En recién nacidos, la hipoacusia secundaria a una infección congénita por Citomegalovirus (CMVc), pese a su baja prevalencia, puede generar un grave problema en el desarrollo personal y la integración social de los pacientes. Por ello, es importante incluir la determinación del ADN de CMV como herramienta del cribado neonatal.

Materiales y métodos

Hemos realizado un estudio retrospectivo de 5 años, mediante la descripción de las CMVc en la Comunidad Autónoma del País Vasco en los recién nacidos que no superaron el cribado auditivo en el programa de detección precoz de hipoacusia. Se describen los tiempos de detección, confirmación (incidencia) e intervención (tratamiento).

Resultados

De 18.782 sujetos estudiados, 58 (tres por cada mil nacidos vivos) presentaron hipoacusia. De ellos, se confirmó CMVc en cuatro pacientes (una mujer y tres hombres).

El tiempo promedio para el cribado auditivo fue de 6,5 días (DE: ±3,69) y para detectar el CMV mediante reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) en orina y saliva fue de 4,2 días (DE: ±3,94).

El tiempo para confirmar la hipoacusia mediante PEATC e intervención audiológica 2,2 (DE: ±0,957) y 5 meses (DE: ±3,741), respectivamente.

Se realizaron cuatro adaptaciones audioprotésicas y un implante coclear.

Discusión y conclusión

El cribado auditivo neonatal se ha consolidado como un buen programa de salud pública. La determinación del ADN viral permite un diagnóstico y tratamiento precoz, específico e interdisciplinar, en el que la otorrinolaringología tiene un papel fundamental. Nuestro estudio resalta la importancia de incluir la PCR del CMV como herramienta de cribado universal.

Palabras clave:
Citomegalovirus
Hipoacusia congénita
Cribado auditivo
Audioprótesis
Implante coclear

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