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Revista Española de Anestesiología y Reanimación Terapia hemodinámica guiada por objetivos intraoperatoria focalizada en paráme...
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Vol. 72. Núm. 3.
(Marzo 2025)
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Vol. 72. Núm. 3.
(Marzo 2025)
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Terapia hemodinámica guiada por objetivos intraoperatoria focalizada en parámetros de presión arterial y flujo mediante técnicas no calibradas de contorno del pulso: metaanálisis de ensayos controlados aleatorizados

Intraoperative goal-directed hemodynamic therapy targeting both arterial pressure and flow parameters using uncalibrated pulse contour techniques: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
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J. Ripollés-Melchora,b,c,
Autor para correspondencia
ripo542@gmail.com

Autor para correspondencia.
, A.V. Espinosac,d, P. Fernández-Valdes-Bangoa,b, R. Navarro-Pérezb,c,e, A. Abad-Motosf, J.V. Lorentec,g, M.J. Colominah,i,j, A. Abad-Gurumetaa,b, M.I. Monge-Garcíac,k
a Departamento de Anestesiología, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, Madrid, España
b Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, España
c Fluid Therapy and Hemodynamic Monitoring Group of the Spanish Society of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Madrid, España
d Department of Anesthesia, King Salman Specialist Hospital, City of Hail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
e Departamento de Anestesiología, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, España
f Departamento de Anestesiología, Hospital Universitario de Donostia, San Sebastián, España
g Departamento de Anestesiología, Hospital Universitario Juan Ramón Jiménez, Huelva, España
h Departamento de Anestesiología, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, España
i Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
j Bellvitge Biomedical Reseach-IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, España
k Hospital Universitario Puerto Real, Cádiz, España
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Antecedentes

El objetivo de la terapia hemodinámica guiada por objetivos (THGO) es optimizar las variables hemodinámicas. Sin embargo, sigue siendo incierta su efectividad para reducir las complicaciones postoperatorias de la cirugía abdominal mayor, y en particular cuando se persiguen variables de presión y flujo arterial. Este metaanálisis aborda esta cuestión, evaluando la THGO mediante métodos no calibrados de contorno del pulso (uPC).

Métodos

Realizamos una revisión sistemática y metaanálisis de ensayos controlados aleatorizados (ECA) en pacientes adultos sometidos a cirugía abdominal mayor, que recibieron THGO mediante métodos no calibrados de contorno del pulso (uPC) para monitorización del gasto cardiaco, con objetivos predefinidos para presión sanguínea y flujo sanguíneo. El resultado primario fueron las complicaciones postoperatorias; los resultados secundarios incluyeron insuficiencia renal aguda (IRA) postoperatoria, duración de la estancia hospitalaria (EH), administración intraoperatoria de líquidos y mortalidad.

Resultados

La búsqueda inicial recuperó 860 informes, cumpliendo 12 ECA (1.367 pacientes) los criterios de inclusión. Nuestro metaanálisis reflejó una reducción significativa de las complicaciones postoperatorias (RR: 0,78; IC95%: 0,68-0,90), IRA (RR: 0,7; IC95%: 0,51-0,97) y estancia hospitalaria (DM: −0,30; IC95%: −0,54 a −0,06) con THGO guiada por uPC. No se observaron diferencias significativas en cuanto a volumen de líquidos intraoperatorios y mortalidad.

Conclusiones

Implementar la THGO en la cirugía abdominal con objetivos predefinidos de presión arterial y flujo sanguíneo reduce significativamente la morbilidad postoperatoria y la EH, sin incrementar la administración de líquidos intraoperatorios.

Palabras clave:
Fluidoterapia / métodos
Hemodinámica/ fisiología
Complicaciones postoperatorias / epidemiología
Fluidoterapia / estadísticas y datos numéricos
Abstract
Background

Goal-directed haemodynamic therapy (GDHT) aims to optimize haemodynamic variables. However, its effectiveness in reducing postoperative complications in major abdominal surgery, particularly when targeting both arterial pressure and flow variables, remains unclear. This meta-analysis addresses this by evaluating GDHT using uncalibrated pulse contour (uPC) methods.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCT) in adult patients undergoing major abdominal surgery who received GDHT using uncalibrated pulse contour (uPC) methods for cardiac output monitoring, with predefined targets for both blood flow and blood pressure. The primary outcome was postoperative complications; secondary outcomes included postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI), hospital length of stay (EH), intraoperative fluid administration and mortality.

Results

Initial search retrieved 860 reports, with 12 RCTs (1367 patients) meeting the inclusion criteria. Our meta-analysis showed a significant reduction in postoperative complications (RR: 0.78; 95%CI: 0.68-0.90), AKI (RR: 0.7; 95%CI: 0.51-0.97), and hospital LOS (SMD: −0.30; 95%CI: −0.54 to −0.06) with uPC-guided GDHT. No significant differences were observed in intraoperative fluid volume and mortality.

Conclusions

Implementing GDHT in major abdominal surgery with predefined arterial pressure and blood flow targets significantly reduces postoperative morbidity and hospital EH without increasing intraoperative fluid administration.

Keywords:
Fluid Therapy / methods
Haemodynamics / physiology
Postoperative Complications / epidemiology
Fluid Therapy / statistics & numerical data

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