Información del artículo
Resumen
La rinitis alérgica es una inflamación de la mucosa nasal causada por la inmunoglobulina E, con síntomas como estornudos, picor nasal, congestión y secreción. Se asocia a menudo con conjuntivitis y asma, afectando significativamente la calidad de vida. Se recomienda una atención integrada que abarque desde la farmacia y atención primaria hasta la especializada para los casos graves o mal controlados. El tratamiento incluye evitar los alérgenos y usar fármacos como antihistamínicos y corticoides intranasales. Las combinaciones de ambos en un mismo nebulizador nasal han mostrado mayor eficacia. En casos graves, la inmunoterapia es efectiva si se ajusta al alérgeno causal. Herramientas como las escalas visuales y las aplicaciones móviles facilitan el seguimiento y el manejo de la rinitis, optimizando la atención y mejorando la autogestión del paciente. En esta revisión narrativa se abordarán todos estos aspectos.
Palabras clave:
Alergia
Rinitis
Rinoconjuntivitis
Antihistamínicos
Corticosteroides intranasales
Inmunoterapia con alérgenos
Abstract
Allergic rhinitis is an inflammation of the nasal mucosa caused by immunoglobulin E, presenting with symptoms such as sneezing, nasal itching, congestion, and rhinorrhea. It is often associated with conjunctivitis and asthma, significantly impacting quality of life. An integrated care approach is recommended, spanning from pharmacy and primary care to specialized care for severe or poorly controlled cases. Treatment includes avoiding allergens and using medications like antihistamines and intranasal corticosteroids. Combinations of these medications in a single intranasal spray have shown greater efficacy. In severe cases, immunotherapy is effective if tailored to the causing allergen. Tools like visual analogue scales and mobile applications facilitate monitoring and management of rhinitis, optimizing care and improving patient self management. In this narrative review, all these aspects will be addressed.
Keywords:
Allergy
Rhinitis
Rhinoconjunctivitis
Antihistamines
Intranasal corticosteroids
Allergen immunotherapy
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