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Gastroenterología y Hepatología Progression of FIB-4 index predicts major adverse cardiovascular events in patie...
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Vol. 49. Núm. 3.
(Marzo 2026)
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Vol. 49. Núm. 3.
(Marzo 2026)
Original Article

Progression of FIB-4 index predicts major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with metabolic dysfunction

La progresión del índice FIB-4 predice eventos cardiovasculares mayores en pacientes con disfunción metabólica
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Francisco Idalsoagaa,b,c, Verónica Cambindoa,d, Eduardo Fuentes-Lópeze, Eitan Dukesf, Samuel Ibañezf, Paola Hunfanf, Constanza Mollof, Jorge Gonzalezf, Gustavo Ayaresa, Carolina Ramirez-Cadizg, Francisco Barreraa, Monica Acevedoh, Patrick S. Kamathi, Richard Sterlingj, Marco Arresea,c, Luis Antonio Díaza,c,k, Juan Pablo Araba,c,j,
Autor para correspondencia
JuanPablo.Arab@vcuhealth.org

Corresponding author.
a Departamento de Gastroenterología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
b Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Western University & London Health Sciences Centre, London, Canada
c Observatorio Multicéntrico de Enfermedades Gastrointestinales, OMEGA, Santiago, Chile
d Centro de Atención Primaria Miraflores, Servicio de Salud Araucanía Sur, Temuco, Chile
e Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Departamento de Fonoaudiología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
f Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
g Department of Anesthesiology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
h División de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
i Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
j Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
k MASLD Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
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Abstract
Introduction

Metabolic dysfunction is highly prevalent worldwide and is associated with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. However, it remains unclear whether non-invasive tests assessing liver disease severity can predict major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs).

Objective

We aimed to explore the relationship between changes in fibrosis-4 scores (FIB-4) and MACEs in patients with metabolic dysfunction.

Patients and methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study including participants from a primary care clinic between 2009 and 2021, focusing on adults with metabolic dysfunction – risk of MASLD. We used FIB-4 to track MACEs over a 10-year follow-up period. Adjusted binomial regression models evaluated associations between FIB-4 progression (change in at least one stage of risk) and MACEs.

Results

We included 695 patients with a median age of 63.5 years [IQR 56–74]; 34.6% were women. Among them, 29% had diabetes mellitus, 21.5% had prediabetes, 58.1% had hypertension, and 93.3% had dyslipidemia. Patients who developed MACEs were older, had a higher proportion of men, and showed greater prevalence of hypertension, dyslipidemia, and obesity. Both baseline and final FIB-4 scores were higher in patients with MACEs. Adjusted analysis showed that FIB-4 progression was associated with a 106% increased risk of myocardial infarction (RR=2.06, 95% CI: 1.34–3.15; p=0.001), but not with an increased risk of stroke (RR=1.13, 95% CI: 0.73–1.74; p=0.591). Conversely, reductions in FIB-4 were protective for MI.

Conclusions

Progression and reduction in FIB-4 scores are associated with an increased and decreased risk of myocardial infarction, respectively, in patients with metabolic dysfunction.

Keywords:
Metabolic dysfunction
FIB-4
Myocardial infarction
Cardiovascular risk
Stroke
Abbreviations:
ALD
ALT
AST
AASLD
BMI
CLD
CVD
EASL
MASLD
MACEs
MASH
MI
NIT
FIB-4
OR
RR
T2DM
Resumen
Introducción

La disfunción metabólica es muy prevalente a nivel mundial y se asocia con esteatosis hepática metabólica, así como con un mayor riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular. Sin embargo no está claro si las pruebas no invasivas que evalúan la gravedad de la enfermedad hepática pueden predecir eventos cardiovasculares adversos mayores (MACEs).

Objetivo

Explorar la relación entre los cambios en los valores de Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) y la ocurrencia de MACEs en pacientes con disfunción metabólica.

Pacientes y métodos

Realizamos un estudio de cohorte retrospectivo en adultos con disfunción metabólica atendidos en una clínica de atención primaria entre 2009 y 2021. Se aplicó FIB-4 basal y al final del seguimiento, y los MACEs fueron registrados durante un seguimiento de 10 años. Se utilizaron modelos de regresión binomial ajustados para evaluar la asociación entre la progresión del FIB-4—definida como un cambio de al menos un estadio de riesgo—y la aparición de MACEs.

Resultados

Incluimos a 695 pacientes con una edad mediana de 63,5 años [IQR 56–74]; el 34,6% eran mujeres. Entre ellos, el 29% tenía diabetes mellitus, el 21,5% prediabetes, el 58,1% hipertensión y el 93,3% dislipidemia. Los pacientes que desarrollaron MACEs eran mayores, tenían un mayor porcentaje de hombres y presentaban mayor prevalencia de hipertensión, dislipidemia y obesidad. Los puntajes de FIB-4, tanto inicial como final, fueron más altos en los pacientes con MACEs. El análisis ajustado mostró que la progresión de FIB-4 se asoció con un aumento del 106% en el riesgo de infarto de miocardio (RR=2,06, IC 95%: 1,34–3,15; p=0,001), pero no con un mayor riesgo de accidente cerebrovascular (RR=1,13, IC 95%: 0,73–1,74; p=0,591). Por el contrario, la reducción del FIB-4 tuvo un efecto protector de IM.

Conclusión

La progresión y la reducción en los valores de FIB-4 se asocian con un aumento y una disminución del riesgo de infarto de miocardio, respectivamente, en pacientes con disfunción metabólica.

Palabras clave:
Disfunción metabólica
FIB-4
Infarto de miocardio
Riesgo cardiovascular
Accidente cerebrovascular
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