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Enfermería Intensiva (English Edition) Effect of prematurity on parental stress and family dynamics
Journal Information
Vol. 36. Issue 4.
(October - December 2025)
Vol. 36. Issue 4.
(October - December 2025)
Original article
Effect of prematurity on parental stress and family dynamics
Efecto de la prematuridad en el estrés parental y la dinámica familiar
Belén Blanco Garcíaa,
Corresponding author
belenbg86@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Ruben Martín-Payob,c, Gonzalo Solís Sánchezd
a Área de Gestión de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
b Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
c Precam Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias-ISPA, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
d Servicio de Neonatología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
Article information
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Tables (4)
Table 1. Description of the study population.
Tables
Table 2. Parental stress, family functioning and caregiver burden.
Tables
Table 3. Correlations between socioeconomic level, parental stress, family functioning and caregiver burden.
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Table 4. Analysis of risks between variables of parents and premature children with parental stress, family functioning and caregiver burden.
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Abstract
Introduction

The birth of a premature child represents a sudden and difficult change in family dynamics, where parents experience a disruption in their roles as their child is admitted to a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), where the care they can provide is limited and the outcome is uncertain. The high levels of stress they experience modifies their relationship with their child, impacting their child’s later emotional and developmental growth.

Objectives

To assess which factors related to parents and premature infants may significantly influence parental stress levels, family dynamics, and caregiver burden, and to understand how these factors affect them.

Method

Longitudinal study conducted in the Neonatology Department of the Central University Hospital of Asturias (HUCA), a tertiary-level neonatal care center, during the year 2023.

Results

Stress levels were found to increase significantly (p = .001) from admission (M = 37.5 points, 95% CI: 36.6–38.7) to three months post-discharge (M = 41.6 points, 95% CI: 40.2–43.1), and were higher in families with a medium-high socioeconomic level (at admission: OR = 3.4; 95% CI: 1.1–10.8; p = .026, and at discharge: OR = 5; 95% CI: 1.5–16.3; p = .006). Family dysfunction was observed in cases of twin pregnancies (at discharge: OR = 3.3; 95% CI: 1.1–10.1; p = .029), and in more than half of the cases, caregiver burden was not observed (79.1% at discharge and 77.6% at three months post-discharge).

Conclusions

Support and guidance from the multidisciplinary team responsible for premature newborns in NICUs is crucial, as well as the implementation of early interventions that help reduce parental stress and promote the proper development of their child.

Keywords:
Parenting
Preterm birth
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU)
Mother-infant interaction
Early intervention
Resumen
Introducción

El nacimiento de un hijo prematuro supone un cambio en la dinámica familiar precipitado y difícil, en el que los padres ven alterado su rol, ya que su hijo ingresa en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos donde los cuidados que ellos pueden proporcionar son limitados y la evolución es incierta. El elevado estrés que sufren modifica la relación con su hijo, alterando su desarrollo vital y emocional posterior.

Objetivos

Valorar qué factores relacionados con los progenitores y con los prematuros pueden influir significativamente en el nivel de estrés parental, en la dinámica familiar y en el nivel de sobrecarga del cuidador.

Método

Estudio longitudinal en el servicio de neonatología del Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), hospital de tercer nivel de asistencia neonatal durante el año 2023.

Resultados

Se ha constatado que los niveles de estrés aumentaron de forma significativa (p = 0,001) desde el ingreso (M = 37,5 puntos, IC95% 36,6-38,7) hasta los tres meses del alta (M = 41,6 puntos, IC95% 40,2-43,1) y que fueron más altos en las familias de nivel medio-alto (al ingreso OR = 3,4; IC95% 1,1-10,8; p = 0,026) y al alta OR = 5; IC95% 1,5-16,3; p = 0,006. La disfunción familiar apareció en las gestaciones gemelares (al alta OR = 3,3; IC95% 1,1-10,1; p = 0,029) y en más de la mitad de los casos no se observó sobrecarga del cuidador (79,1% y 77,6% al alta y a los tres meses respectivamente).

Conclusiones

Es primordial el apoyo y acompañamiento por parte del equipo multidisciplinar que está al cargo de los recién nacidos prematuros en las Unidades de Neonatología y la implantación de intervenciones tempranas, que favorecen la disminución del estrés parental y la evolución adecuada de su hijo.

Palabras clave:
Paternidad
Nacimiento prematuro
Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatal (UCIN)
Interacción madre-hijo
Intervención temprana

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