metricas
covid
Cirugía Española (English Edition) Organ preservation in rectal cancer: Clinical basis of the watch-and-wait strate...
Journal Information
Share
Download PDF
More article options
Special article
Available online 5 December 2025
Organ preservation in rectal cancer: Clinical basis of the watch-and-wait strategy
Preservación del órgano en cáncer de recto: fundamentos clínicos de la estrategia watch-and-wait
Rosa M. Jimenez-Rodrigueza,1,
Corresponding author
ros_j_r@hotmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Fátima Aguilar-del-Castilloa,1, Felipe Quezada-Diazb, Julio García-Aguilarc
a Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
b Complejo Asistencial Dr. Sótero del Río, Santiago de Chile, Chile
c Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
Article information
Abstract
Full Text
Bibliography
Download PDF
Statistics
Tables (3)
Table 1. Tumour regression criteria based on digital rectal examination proposed by Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center.
Tables
Table 2. Radiological criteria for tumour regression.
Tables
Table 3. Tumour regression criteria according to endoscopy.
Tables
Show moreShow less
Special issue
This article is part of special issue:
Rectal Cancer Treatment: The Future is already the Present

Edited by: Dr. Calos Cerdán
Cirugía General y Aparato Digestivo. Unidad de Cirugía Digestiva. Hospital Universitario de la Princesa. Madrid
Dr. Matteo Frasson
Cirugía general. Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe. Valencia

Last update: November 2025

More info
Abstract

Locally advanced rectal cancer has traditionally been treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, followed by total mesorectal excision (TME)—a technique that is effective but associated with high morbidity and functional impairment. The identification of patients with a clinical complete response (cCR) after treatment has driven the adoption of the “Watch-and-Wait” (W&W) strategy, aimed at avoiding surgery without compromising oncologic safety. Current evidence, drawn from international series, multicentre records, and clinical trials, supports the view that W&W offers overall survival and disease-free survival rates comparable to those of radical surgery, with clear advantages in organ preservation and quality of life. However, this strategy requires careful patient selection, standardised re-evaluation protocols, and intensive follow-up in specialised centres. In summary, W&W has become a valid and safe alternative to surgical treatment in selected patients with rectal cancer following neoadjuvant therapy.

Keywords:
Rectal cancer
Total mesolectal excision
Watch-and-wait
Organ preservation treatments
Oncological survival
Resumen

El cáncer de recto localmente avanzado ha sido tradicionalmente tratado con radioquimioterapia neoadyuvante, seguida de escisión total del mesorrecto (ETM), una técnica eficaz pero asociada a elevada morbilidad y deterioro funcional. La identificación de pacientes con respuesta clínica completa (RCC) tras el tratamiento ha impulsado la estrategia watch-and-wait (W&W), con el objetivo de evitar la cirugía sin comprometer la seguridad oncológica. La evidencia actual, procedente de series internacionales, registros multicéntricos y ensayos clínicos, respalda que W&W ofrece tasas de supervivencia global y libre de enfermedad comparables a las de la cirugía radical, con claras ventajas en preservación del órgano y calidad de vida. No obstante, esta estrategia requiere una cuidadosa selección de pacientes, protocolos estandarizados de reevaluación y seguimiento intensivo en centros especializados. En conjunto, W&W se ha consolidado como una alternativa válida y segura al tratamiento quirúrgico en pacientes seleccionados con cáncer de recto tras terapia neoadyuvante.

Palabras clave:
Cáncer de recto
Escisión total del mesorrecto
Watch-and-wait
Tratamientos de preservación de órganos
Supervivencia oncológica

Article

These are the options to access the full texts of the publication Cirugía Española (English Edition)
Subscriber
Subscriber

If you already have your login data, please click here .

If you have forgotten your password you can you can recover it by clicking here and selecting the option “I have forgotten my password”
Subscribe
Subscribe to

Cirugía Española (English Edition)

Purchase
Purchase article

Purchasing article the PDF version will be downloaded

Purchase now
Contact
Phone for subscriptions and reporting of errors
From Monday to Friday from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. (GMT + 1) except for the months of July and August which will be from 9 a.m. to 3 p.m.
Calls from Spain
932 415 960
Calls from outside Spain
+34 932 415 960
E-mail
Article options
Tools