metricas
covid
Cirugía Española (English Edition) Goal-directed neoadjuvant therapy: What should we offer in each case?
Journal Information
Vol. 103. Issue 8.
(August 2025)
Share
Download PDF
More article options
Visits
5
Vol. 103. Issue 8.
(August 2025)
Special article
Goal-directed neoadjuvant therapy: What should we offer in each case?
Neoadyuvancia guiada por objetivos: ¿qué debo ofrecer en cada caso?
Visits
5
Bruna Borba Vailatia,b, Guilherme Pagin São Juliãoa,b, Leonardo Ervolino Corbia,b, Rodrigo Oliva Pereza,b,
Corresponding author
a Hospital Alemão Oswaldo Cruz, São Paulo, Brazil
b Hospital Beneficencia Portuguesa, São Paulo, Brazil
This item has received
Article information
Abstract
Full Text
Bibliography
Download PDF
Statistics
Figures (2)
Special issue
This article is part of special issue:
Rectal Cancer Treatment: The Future is already the Present

Edited by: Dr. Calos Cerdán
Cirugía General y Aparato Digestivo. Unidad de Cirugía Digestiva. Hospital Universitario de la Princesa. Madrid
Dr. Matteo Frasson
Cirugía general. Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe. Valencia

Last update: November 2025

More info
Abstract

The management of rectal cancer has undergone significant evolution, driven by advancements in staging, treatment strategies, and understanding tumor biology. Initially dominated by total mesorectal excision (TME) with or without neoadjuvant chemoradiation (nCRT), the landscape shifted with the advent of high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which refined locoregional staging and identified prognostic markers such as extramural venous invasion (EMVI) and mesorectal fascia involvement. Tumor response to therapy, particularly complete clinical response (cCR), enabled organ-preserving strategies like the Watch & Wait approach and transanal local excision. Total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) emerged as a strategy to improve systemic outcomes, though controversies persist regarding its optimal sequencing and survival benefits. Recent breakthroughs, such as immunotherapy for microsatellite instability-high tumors, demonstrate promising non-surgical management options. Current treatment objectives prioritize personalized approaches based on tumor location, risk factors, and the potential for organ preservation, reflecting a nuanced balance between efficacy, functional outcomes, and patient quality of life.

Keywords:
Rectal cancer
Organ preservation
Total neoadjuvant therapy
Resumen

El manejo del cáncer de recto ha experimentado una evolución significativa, impulsada por avances en la estadificación, estrategias de tratamiento y comprensión de la biología tumoral. Inicialmente dominado por la escisión total del mesorrecto (TME) con o sin quimiorradioterapia neoadyuvante (nCRT), el panorama cambió con la introducción de la resonancia magnética de alta resolución (RM), que mejoró la estadificación locorregional e identificó marcadores pronósticos como la invasión venosa extramural (EMVI) y el compromiso de la fascia mesorrectal. La respuesta tumoral al tratamiento, particularmente la respuesta clínica completa (cCR), permitió estrategias de preservación de órganos como el enfoque de Observación y Espera y la escisión local transanal. La terapia neoadyuvante total (TNT) surgió como una estrategia para mejorar los resultados sistémicos, aunque persisten controversias sobre su secuenciación óptima y los beneficios en la supervivencia. Avances recientes, como la inmunoterapia para tumores con inestabilidad de microsatélites alta, demuestran opciones prometedoras de manejo no quirúrgico. Los objetivos actuales del tratamiento priorizan enfoques personalizados basados en la ubicación del tumor, factores de riesgo y el potencial de preservación de órganos, reflejando un equilibrio matizado entre eficacia, resultados funcionales y calidad de vida del paciente.

Palabras clave:
Cáncer de recto
Preservación de órganos
Terapia neoadyuvante total
Graphical abstract

Article

These are the options to access the full texts of the publication Cirugía Española (English Edition)
Subscriber
Subscriber

If you already have your login data, please click here .

If you have forgotten your password you can you can recover it by clicking here and selecting the option “I have forgotten my password”
Subscribe
Subscribe to

Cirugía Española (English Edition)

Purchase
Purchase article

Purchasing article the PDF version will be downloaded

Purchase now
Contact
Phone for subscriptions and reporting of errors
From Monday to Friday from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. (GMT + 1) except for the months of July and August which will be from 9 a.m. to 3 p.m.
Calls from Spain
932 415 960
Calls from outside Spain
+34 932 415 960
E-mail
Article options
Tools