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Vol. 28. Issue 2.
Pages 153-163 (July - December 2023)
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Vol. 28. Issue 2.
Pages 153-163 (July - December 2023)
Original
Personal and ethnic-cultural bullying in the Peruvian Amazon: Prevalence, overlap and predictors
Bullying personal y étnico-cultural en la Amazonía peruana: prevalencia, solapamiento y predictores
Jacinto Martínez-Santiagoa, Izabela Zycha, Antonio J. Rodríguez-Hidalgob,
Corresponding author
ajrodriguez@uco.es

Corresponding author.
a Departmento de Psicología, Universidad de Córdoba, Avda. San Alberto Magno S/N, Córdoba, 14001, Spain
b Departmento de Psicología, Cátedra de Desarrollo Sostenible y Solidaridad, Universidad de Córdoba, Avda. San Alberto Magno S/N, Córdoba, 14001, Spain
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Figures (2)
Tables (3)
Table 1. Involvement in the mixed roles of personal and ethnic-cultural bullying
Table 2. Correlation of mixed roles with age, sex, ethnic-cultural group, self-esteem, empathy and social skills
Table 3. Multinomial regression with age, sex, ethnic-cultural group, self-esteem, empathy and social skills as predictors of the four most common roles of personal bullying and ethnic-cultural bullying
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Abstract

Most studies about personal bullying and ethnic-cultural bullying have been carried out in Western countries without analysing if adolescents are involved only in personal bullying, ethnic-cultural bullying, or both. This study is based in Peruvian Amazonia, a multi-cultural context where not much research has been done, with the aim to understand the overlap of personal and ethnic-cultural bullying as well as their predictors. The sample is made up of 607 students (48.3 girls and 51.7% boys) between the ages of 12 and 19 (Mage=14.5, SD=1.69) from a region in Peruvian Amazonia which completed a self-report questionnaire. Ethnic-cultural bullying and personal bullying are prevalent and overlapped phenomena, being the ethnic-cultural group of the Native Americans the most implicated in victimization and/or aggression. Regarding the overlapping roles resulting from personal bullying and ethnic-cultural bullying (mixed roles), personal victimization is predicted by low assertiveness, and it is related to older age. The mixed role of personal and ethnic-cultural victim is related to a high affective empathy, an indigenous ethnic-cultural group and low conflict resolution skills. The role of personal bully-victim and ethnic-cultural victim is related to being older. Personal and ethnic-cultural bully-victims are older males with lower self-esteem and assertiveness. The results are discussed in relation to education programs about prevention and mitigation of bullying and ethnic-cultural bullying.

Keywords:
Bullying
Ethnic-cultural
Self-esteem
Empathy
Social skills
Resumen

La mayoría de los estudios sobre el bullying personal y el bullying étnico-cultural se han realizado en países occidentales y sin analizar si los adolescentes se implican en el bullying personal solo, en el bullying étnico-cultural o en ambos fenómenos a la vez. La presente investigación se realiza en la Amazonía Peruana, un contexto pluricultural poco estudiado, para comprender el solapamiento en la implicación en el bullying personal y étnico-cultural, junto con sus predictores. Han participado 607 escolares (48.3% chicas y 51.7% chicos) de entre 12 y 19 años (M=14.5 años, DT=1.69) quienes han cumplimentado un cuestionario auto-informe. El bullying étnico-cultural y el bullying personal son fenómenos prevalentes y solapados, siendo el grupo étnico-cultural de los indígenas el más implicado en victimización y/o agresión. En los roles solapados resultantes de bullying personal y bullying étnico-cultural (roles mixtos), el rol de víctima de bullying personal se predice por las menores puntuaciones en asertividad y se relaciona con la mayor edad. El rol mixto de víctima personal y étnico-cultural se relaciona con ser indígena y se predice por las mayores puntuaciones en empatía afectiva y menores en resolución de conflictos. El rol de agresor-victimizado personal y víctima étnica se relaciona con la mayor edad. Los agresores-victimizados personales y étnico-culturales son chicos, de mayor edad, con bajas puntuaciones en autoestima, asertividad y resolución de conflictos. Los resultados se discuten en relación con los programas educativos para la prevención y paliación del bullying y del bullying étnico-cultural.

Palabras clave:
Bullying
étnico-cultural
Autoestima
Empatía
Habilidades sociales

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