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Vol. 13. Núm. 1.
Páginas 67-79 (Enero - Marzo 2016)
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Vol. 13. Núm. 1.
Páginas 67-79 (Enero - Marzo 2016)
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Control Tolerante a Fallas Activo en Sensores y Actuadores: Aplicación a una Columna de Destilación
Active Fault Tolerant Control System in Sensors and Actuators: Application in a Distillation Column
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G. Ortiz-Torresa, R.F. Escobarb,
Autor para correspondencia
esjiri@cenidet.edu.mx

Autor para correspondencia.
, M. Adam-Medinab, C.M. Astorga-Zaragozab, G.V. Guerrero-Ramírezb
a Posgrado en Ingeniería Electrónica del Centro Nacional de Investigacíon y Desarrollo Tecnológico -Tecnológico Nacional de México, Int. Internado Palmira S/N, Palmira C.P.62490, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
b Centro Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico -Tecnológico Nacional de México, Int. Internado Palmira S/N, Palmira C.P.62490, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
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En este trabajo se presentan los resultados en simulación de un sistema de control tolerante a fallas activo (CTFA) aplicado a una columna de destilación. El sistema de control tiene como objetivo mantener el proceso de destilación binaria (etanol-agua) en operación con y sín la presencia de fallas en sensores o actuadores. El CTFA se desarrolló a partir de un sistema de detección y diagnóstico de fallas empleando un observador de alta ganancia de orden completo para estimar las concentraciones no medidas de la columna de destilación, dicho observador estima todas las concentraciones de la columna de destilación a partir de una sola temperatura medida. Así mismo, se emplearon tres observadores adaptativos para estimar la presión de vapor y los parámetros de los actuadores; de tal forma que es posible determinar el tipo, instante de aparición y magnitud de la falla. El control tolerante a fallas en actuadores se basa en la compensación de la ley de control utilizando la información del sistema de detección y diagnóstico de fallas. El control tolerante a fallas en sensores se basa en la reconfiguración del elemento con falla. La principal contribución que se presenta en el artículo es el sistema CTFA, el cual es capaz de mantener al sistema de control operando aun con la presencia de fallas múltiples y simultáneas en sensores y por lo menos en un actuador. Las pruebas en simulación muestran que la ley de control permite que las concentraciones molares líquidas requeridas en los productos destilados sigan la referencia de manera adecuada aun en presencia de fallas.

Palabras clave:
Sensores e instrumentos virtuales
procesos químicos
simulación de sistemas.
Abstract

This work presents the simulation results of an active fault tolerant control system on a distillation column. The aim of the control system is to maintain the binary distillation process (ethanol-water) in continuous operation even if both sensors or actuator fault occurs. To develop the active fault tolerant control system, it was designed a fault detection and diagnosis system by using a full-order high-gain observer to estimate the temperatures and concentrations on the distillation column; the estimation of the temperatures and concentrations was made by using only one measured temperature. Also, there were employed three adaptive observers, one is used to estimate the vapor pressure, the other two observers are used to estimate a parameter in each actuator, in that way is estimated the size, instant and magnitude of the fault. The active fault tolerant system is based on the compensation of the fault based on the information given by the fault detection and diagnosis system. The fault tolerant in sensor is based in the reconfiguration of the faulty sensor. The main contribution of this work is that proposed scheme is able to detect and diagnosis, multiple and simultaneous failures in sensors and at least in one actuator. The simulation test shows that the control law allows that the liquid molar concentrations required in distillates, follow the reference properly, even in presence of faults.

Keywords:
Sensors and virtual instruments
chemical processes
system simulation
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