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Vol. 26. Núm. S7.
La hepatitis B en 2008
Páginas 49-55 (Mayo 2008)
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Vol. 26. Núm. S7.
La hepatitis B en 2008
Páginas 49-55 (Mayo 2008)
Acceso a texto completo
Resistencias en el virus de la hepatitis B
Resistance in hepatitis B virus
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Julie Sheldona,
Autor para correspondencia
julies73@yahoo.co.uk

Correspondencia: Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Hospital Carlos III. Sinesio Delgado, 10. 28029 Madrid. España.
, Rui Sarmento e Castrob, Vicente Sorianoa
a Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Hospital Carlos III. Madrid. España
b Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Hospital Joaquim Urbano. Porto. Portugal
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Bibliografía
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El desarrollo de fármacos inhibidores de la polimerasa del virus de la hepatitis B (VHB) ha revolucionado el tratamiento de la infección crónica por el VHB. Sin embargo, la aparición de resistencias puede comprometer su eficacia clínica y se han de conocer los mecanismos de estas resistencias, sus implicaciones clínicas, las estrategias para su prevención y cómo abordar el rescate. Dado que el VHB tiene un alto grado de replicación y una gran tasa de error, durante su ciclo vital se producen un gran número de mutaciones puntuales en individuos con replicación activa. Debido al gran tamaño del genoma del VHB, todos los posibles cambios puntuales se pueden producir diariamente y deben considerarse como preexistentes a cualquier medicación. Por tanto, en los individuos infectados por el VHB hay una mezcla de virus semejantes que evolucionan en el tiempo (cuasiespecies), algunos de los cuales son portadores de mutaciones de resistencia a los antivirales, lo que explica que puedan seleccionarse rápidamente tras la exposición al fármaco.

De los cinco fármacos aprobados en Europa para el tratamiento de la hepatitis B, tres de ellos (lamivudina, adefovir y entecavir) son susceptibles de verse afectados directamente por dichas mutaciones, así como otros fármacos activos, como son la telbivudina, el tenofovir y la emtricitabina. La caracterización de dichas mutaciones de resistencia ayuda tanto a su prevención como a la optimización del tratamiento antiviral.

Palabras clave:
Virus de la hepatitis B
Resistencias
Lamivudina
Adefovir
Entecavir

The development hepatitis B virus (HBV) polymerase inhibitors has revolutionised the treatment of chronic HBV infection. However, the emergence of resistance mutations can compromise their clinical efficacy and it is mandatory to know the mechanisms of these resistances, its clinical implications, strategies for prevention and how to deal with the rescue. Since HBV has a high degree of replication and a high error rate, during their life cycle it will produce a large number of punctual mutations in individuals with active replication. Due to the large size of the HBV genome, all the possible changes may occur daily and should be screened before starting any antiviral therapy. Therefore, in individuals infected with HBV there is a mixture of similar viruses that evolves over time (quasispecies), some of which are carriers of resistance mutations to antivirals, which explains why they can be selected quickly after exposure to drug.

Of the five drugs approved in Europe for the treatment of hepatitis B, three of them (lamivudine, adefovir and entecavir) are likely to be affected directly by these mutations, as well as other active drugs, such as telbivudine, tenofovir and the emtricitabine. The characterization of the resistance mutations is helpful for the prevention and the optimization of antiviral therapies.

Key words:
Hepatitis B virus
Resistance
Lamivudine
Adefovir
Entecavir
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