Información del artículo
El ovario es un órgano con capacidad germinal y endocrina, que sintetiza estrógenos, progesterona, andrógenos, factores locales de crecimiento, inhibinas, activina y folistatina.
En este artículo se revisa:
- 1.
La fisiología del eje hipófiso-gonadal y las diferentes técnicas de laboratorio utilizadas en la determinación de los parámetros informativos de la función germinal y endocrina, así como sus aplicaciones clínicas en entidades como la pubertad precoz y retrasada, los trastornos de la ovulación, el hiperandrogenismo ovárico y los trastornos gonadales secundarios a trastornos inmunológicos, radioterapia y quimioterapia.
- 2.
Las pruebas de estimulación y supresión utilizadas en el diagnóstico diferencial de los trastornos puberales y del hiperandrogenismo ovárico.
- 3.
La utilidad del cariotipo en la caracterización de los trastornos gonadales, específicamente el síndrome de Turner y el fallo ovárico precoz
Palabras clave:
Eje hipófiso-gonadal
Pruebas de estimulación ovárica
Pubertad precoz. Pubertad retardada
Hiperandrogenismo ovárico
Inhibina
Hormona antimülleriana
Síndrome de Turner
Fallo ovárico precoz
The ovary has both endocrine and reproductive functions and synthesizes estrogens, progesterone, androgens, growth factors, inhibins, activins and follistatin.
The present article reviews the following:
- 1.
The physiology of the pituitary-gonadal axis and the laboratory techniques used to assess both reproductive and endocrine functions, as well as their clinical application, specifically in precocious and delayed puberty, ovulatory dysfunction, ovarian hyperandrogenism, and gonadal abnormalities due to autoimmune diseases, chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
- 2.
The stimulation and suppression tests used in the differential diagnosis of pubertal disorders and ovarian hyperandrogenism.
- 3.
The usefulness of karyotype in the characterization of gonadal disorders, specifically Turner's syndrome and premature ovarian failure.
Key words:
Pituitary-gonadal axis
Ovarian stimulation tests
Precocious puberty
Delayed puberty
Ovarian hyperandrogenism
Inhibin
Antimüllerian hormone
Turner's syndrome
Premature ovarian failure
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