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Vol. 75. Núm. 2.
Páginas 85-90 (Febrero 2004)
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Vol. 75. Núm. 2.
Páginas 85-90 (Febrero 2004)
Acceso a texto completo
Tratamiento quirúrgico del bocio multinodular en pacientes geriátricos
Surgical treatment of multinodular goiter in the elderly
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6183
Antonio Ríos1
Autor para correspondencia
ARZRIOS@teleline.es

Correspondencia: Dr. A. Ríos. Avda. de la Libertad, 208. 30007 Casillas. Murcia. España.
, José Manuel Rodríguez, Pedro José Galindo, Nuria M. Torregrosa, Manuel Canteras, Pascual Parrilla
Servicio de Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo I. Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca. El Palmar. Murcia. España.
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Bibliografía
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Resumen
Introducción

Aunque la edad no es contraindicación para la cirugía tiroidea, pocos pacientes añosos son intervenidos, dado su mayor riesgo de morbilidad. Los objetivos del estudio son determinar en los pacientes de más de 65 años: a) si las indicaciones de cirugía en el bocio multinodular difieren respecto a los más jóvenes; b) los resultados de la cirugía, y c) si la morbimortalidad posquirúrgica es mayor.

Pacientes y método

Se analizan 81 bocios multinodulares intervenidos con más de 65 años, 40 de los cuales (49%) presentaban comorbilidades asociadas (hipertensión, diabetes, etc.). El 60% tenía clínica tiroidea, compresiva (n = 36; 44%) y/o tóxica (n = 18; 22%). Todos fueron intervenidos de forma programada, previa estabilización y control estricto de las comorbilidades. Como grupo control se utilizaron 510 bocios multinodulares intervenidos, con edades comprendidas entre 30 y 65 años. Se aplicaron los tests de la ×2 y de la t de Student.

Resultados

Los pacientes geriátricos presentan, respecto al grupo control, mayor tiempo de evolución del bocio (160 frente a 87 meses; p = 0,0321), mayor presencia de sintomatología (el 60 frente al 41%; p = 0,0001) y mayor porcentaje de componente intratorácico (el 63 frente al 37%; p = 0,0001). Respecto a las indicaciones de la cirugía destaca una mayor indicación por clínica compresiva (el 43 frente al 21%; p = 0,0012). Se presentaron complicaciones postoperatorias en el 40% de los pacientes (n = 32), índice superior al del grupo control (el 28%; p = 0,0113), aunque en un alto porcentaje fueron complicaciones transitorias. Como complicaciones definitivas se presentaron 2 lesiones recurrenciales (2,5%). En todos los casos la sintomatología preoperatoria remitió, y sólo se asoció un carcinoma tiroideo en 3 pacientes (3,7%), uno de ellos anaplásico.

Conclusiones

El bocio multinodular intervenido en pacientes añosos presenta una mayor evolución y un mayor componente intratorácico, por lo que la indicación de cirugía se produce de forma restrictiva. Con un buen control de las comorbilidades y una intervención programada los resultados en cuanto a la morbimortalidad son semejantes a los obtenidos en edades más tempranas.

Palabras clave:
Bocio multinodular
Ancianos
Cirugía
Morbilidad y mortalidad posquirúrgica
Introduction

Although age is not a contraindication for thyroid surgery, few elderly patients undergo this type of surgery due to the greater risk of morbidity. The aims of the present study were to determine the following in patients aged more than 65 years: a) whether the indications for surgery for multinodular goiter differ from those in younger patients; b) the outcomes of surgery and c) whether postsurgical morbidity and mortality are greater.

Patients and method

We analyzed 81 patients with multinodular goiter aged more than 65 years who underwent surgery. Of these, 40 patients (49%) presented associated comorbidity (hypertension, diabetes, etc.). Sixty percent presented thyroid symptoms, whether compressive (n = 36; 44%) and/or toxic (n = 18; 22%). All patients underwent elective surgery with prior stabilization and close monitoring of comorbidities. As a control group, 510 patients with underwent surgery for multinodular goiter were used. Student’s t-test and the chi-squared test were used.

Results

Compared with the control group, patients aged more than 65 years old presented greater disease duration (160 vs 87 months, p = 0.0321), a greater presence of symptomatology (60% vs 41%; p = 0.0001), and a higher percentage of intrathoracic component (63% vs 37%; p = 0.0001). Surgery was more frequently indicated for compressive symptoms in elderly patients (43% vs 21%; p = 0.0012). Postoperative complications were found in 40% of the elderly patients (n = 32) compared with 28% of the control group (p = 0.0113), although a large percentage of these complications were transitory. Definitive complications consisted of two recurrent lesions (2.5%). Remission of preoperative symptomatology was achieved in all patients and associated thyroid carcinoma, one of which was anaplastic, was found in only three patients (3.7%).

Conclusions

Elderly patients undergoing surgery for multinodular goiter presented greater disease duration and intrathoracic component, restricting the indication for surgery. With close monitoring of comorbidities and elective surgery, morbidity and mortality in this age group are similar to those in younger patients.

Key words:
Multinodular goiter
Elderly
Surgery
Postoperative morbidity
mortality
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