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Inicio Revista Española de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología (English Edition) Comparison of three-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion using iliac cr...
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Vol. 53. Issue 6.
Pages 351-356 (November - December 2009)
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Vol. 53. Issue 6.
Pages 351-356 (November - December 2009)
Original papers
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Comparison of three-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion using iliac crest bone graft and plate vs interbody cages with allograft and plate
Discectomía y fusión cervical anterior a tres niveles con auto y aloinjerto
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M. Athanassacopoulos, D.S. Korres
Corresponding author
dkorres@med.uoa.gr

Corresponding author.
, S.G. Pneumaticos
3rd Orthopaedic Department, Medical School, University of Athens, K.A.T. Hospital, Kifissia, Greece
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Abstract

Anterior cervical plate fixation is believed to stabilize the operative motion segments, decreasing graft migration and preventing graft collapse that could lead to loss of cervical lordosis, malunion or nonunion and neurologic compromise. Although reports have noted high fusion rates in plated multilevel anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) that range from 47% to 100% and are dependent on the number of levels fused, the efficacy of the combination of a titanium cage with allograft in comparison with autograft in such patients has not been investigated.

We retrospectively analyzed 36 cases of three-level ACDF with anterior semi rigid plating. All cases were performed between August 2000 and June 2005. There were 19 males and 17 females with an average age of 51.6 (range from 35 to 69). Operated levels were C4-C7 in 30 patients, C3-C6 in 5 and C5-T1 in one patient. Nineteen patients (52%) had autologous iliac crest tricortical grafts, 17 (47%) had PEEK cages placed filled with allografts.

The technique was the same in all cases: a standard left anteromedial approach to the cervical spine. The intervertebral discs were removed. All patients had burring of the end plates, 2 mm distraction and countersinking of the grafts by 2 mm from the anterior vertebral border. The autologous bone graft was tricortical and was harvested from the iliac crest using a low speed oscillating saw. The allograft used was fresh frozen, vacuum sealed cancellous chips and putty. An anterior cervical titanium plate was selected with variable angle locked screws. Clinical and radiographic data at 1 and 2 years postoperatively were obtained. Clinical outcome was assessed on 1 and 2 year follow-up and rated according to the Odom criteria. Fusion was achieved in 18 (94%) of the iliac crest group and 12 (71%) of the PEEK cage-allograft group. 1 patient in the iliac crest group and 5 in the cage-allograft group developed nonunions. Clinical outcome at 2 years was excellent in 5, good in 12 and fair in 2 patients of the iliac crest group. On the cage-allograft group it was excellent in 3, good in 13 and fair in 1. The 5 nonunions had good clinical outcome and 1 fair. We concluded that although autograft is the gold standard for 3 level ACDF, the use of allograft has the same functional status irrespective of the higher number of pseudarthrosis. The decision to use an autograft or a cage and an allograft for ACDF is therefore based mainly on personal preferences.

Keywords:
Cervical disc disease
Cervical fusion
Allograft
Resumen

Se considera que la osteosíntesis con placa de la columna cervical anterior es capaz de estabilizar los segmentos afectados, reduce al mismo tiempo la migración de los injertos e impide el colapso de éstos, que podrían provocar una pérdida de lordosis, así como callos viciosos, seudoartrosis y alteraciones neurológicas. Aunque se han publicado tasas de fusión elevadas en discectomías y artrodesis cervicales anteriores multinivel realizadas con placa, con índices que oscilan entre el 47 y el 100% dependiendo del número de niveles operados, no existen en la bibliografía científica estudios que comparen la eficacia del tratamiento con cajetín de titanio más aloinjerto con el tratamiento con autoinjerto en estos pacientes.

En este estudio hemos analizado de forma retrospectiva 36 casos de discectomía y artrodesis cervical anterior operados con placa semirrígida a 3 niveles. Se intervino a todos los pacientes entre agosto de 2000 y junio de 2005. El grupo de estudio estaba compuesto por 19 hombres y 17 mujeres, con una media de edad de 51,6 años (rango: 35-69). Los niveles operados fueron C4-C7 en 30 pacientes, C3-C6 en 5 y C5-T1 en un paciente. En 19 pacientes (52%) se utilizaron injertos autólogos tricorticales de cresta ilíaca y en 17 pacientes (47%) se optó por cajetines de PEEK (polietercetona) rellenos de aloinjerto. En todos los casos se utilizó un acceso anteromedial a la columna cervical. Se extirparon los discos intervertebrales. En todos los pacientes se fresaron los platillos vertebrales y se procedió a la distracción del segmento móvil en 2 mm y al avellanado de los injertos a 2 mm del borde anterior de la vértebra. El injerto autógeno tricortical utilizado se obtuvo de la cresta ilíaca por medio de una sierra oscilante de baja velocidad. Se utilizó aloinjerto fresco-congelado, virutas de hueso esponjoso envasadas al vacío y pasta de hueso. Se seleccionó una placa cervical de titanio con tornillos de bloqueo de ángulo variable. Se recogieron datos de los pacientes a uno y 2 años de evolución. Se realizó valoración del resultado clínico, transcurridos uno y 2 años de la cirugía según la escala de Odom. La fusión se consiguió en 18 pacientes (94%) del grupo de cresta ilíaca y en 12 pacientes (71%) del grupo de cajetín de PEEK-aloinjerto. Un paciente del grupo de cresta ilíaca y 5 pacientes del grupo cajetín-aloinjerto presentaron seudoartrosis. El resultado clínico al cabo de 2 años fue excelente en 5 pacientes, bueno en 12 pacientes y regular en 2 pacientes del grupo de cresta ilíaca. En el grupo cajetín-aloinjerto, el resultado fue excelente en 3 pacientes, bueno en 13 pacientes y regular en un paciente. Cinco casos de seudoartrosis evolucionaron bien y un caso evolucionó regular. Como conclusión, podemos afirmar que aunque la colocación de autoinjerto es el patrón de oro para discectomías y artrodesis cervicales anteriores a 3 niveles, el uso de aloinjertos consigue el mismo resultado funcional, independientemente de un mayor número de seudoartrosis. Por tanto, la decisión de utilizar autoinjerto o cajetín protésico está basada principalmente en preferencias personales.

Palabras clave:
Enfermedad degenerativa discal
Artrodesis cervical
Aloinjerto
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Copyright © 2009. Sociedad Española de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología (SECOT). All rights reserved
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