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Vol. 52. Issue 3.
Pages 176-184 (July - September 2023)
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Vol. 52. Issue 3.
Pages 176-184 (July - September 2023)
Original article
Risk factors associated with suicide attempt as predictors of suicide, Colombia, 2016–2017
Factores de riesgo relacionados con intento de suicidio como predictores de suicidio, Colombia 2016–2017
Luz Stella Castro Morenoa,
Corresponding author
luz.castrom@yahoo.com

Corresponding author.
, Luis Fernando Fuertes Valenciaa, Oscar Eduardo Pacheco Garcíab, Claudia Marcela Muñoz Lozadab
a Entrenamiento Programa de Epidemiología de Campo (FETP), Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, Colombia
b Grupo de Formación de Talento Humano para la Vigilancia en Salud Pública, Dirección de Vigilancia y Análisis del Riesgo en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, Colombia
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Figures (1)
Tables (5)
Table 1. Distribution of demographic variables according to suicide attempt and suicide. Colombia, 2016-2017.
Table 2. Distribution of risk factors according to suicide attempt and suicide. Colombia, 2016–2017.
Table 3. Distribution of psychiatric history according to suicide attempt and suicide. Colombia, 2016–2017.
Table 4. Multivariate analysis of predictors of suicide attempt and suicide. Colombia, 2016–2017.
Table 5. Multivariate analysis of suicide attempt and suicide according to occupation*. Colombia, 2016–2017.
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Abstract
Background

Suicidal behaviour is the cause of half of all violent deaths. It is considered to be a public health problem with one million victims a year. Suicide attempt is the most important risk factor. In Colombia, in 2017 the suicide attempt rate was 51.8/100,000 inhabitants, and the fatality rate reached 10.0/100,000. The objective is to identify suicide attempt factors associated with death and determine survival after the attempt for 2 years.

Material and methods

Retrospective cohort study and survival analysis. A total of 42,594 records of the suicide attempt surveillance system databases and 325 records of death by suicide in 2016 and 2017 were analysed. The risk factors were examined and a χ2-test and multivariate analysis and logistic regression were performed. Cumulative survival probability was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. A Cox regression model was applied to determine the proportional relationship of the suicide attempt variables that are related to suicide.

Results

Men die by suicide 4.5 times more often than women. One in four suicide victims had made at least one prior suicide attempt. The attempt factors related with death by suicide were: male gender (HR = 2.99; 95% CI, 2.27−3.92), adulthood (over 29 years, HR = 2.38; 95% CI, 1.90−2.99), living in a rural area (HR = 2.56; 95% CI, 2.04−3.20), chronic disease history (HR = 2.43; 95% CI, 1.66−3.57) and depression disorder (HR = 1.94; 95% CI, 1.55−2.41). Some 50% of suicide deaths occur up to 560 days after the suicide attempt.

Conclusions

The risk of suicide is highest in male patients, with a history of depression, chronic illness and exposure to heavy workloads.

Keywords:
Suicide attempt
Suicide
Risk factors
Health surveillance system
Resumen
Introducción

La conducta suicida es la causa de la mitad de las muertes violentas. Se considera un problema de salud pública con un millón de víctimas al año. El intento de suicidio es el factor de riesgo más importante. En Colombia, en 2017 la tasa de intento de suicidio fue de 51,8/100.000 hab. y la letalidad alcanzó 10,0/100.000. El objetivo es identificar factores del intento suicida asociados con la muerte y determinar la supervivencia después del intento durante 2 años.

Material y métodos

Estudio de cohorte retrospectiva y análisis de supervivencia. Se cruzaron 42.594 registros del sistema de vigilancia de intento de suicidio con 325 muertes por suicidio del registro único de defunciones de 2016 y 2017. Se examinaron factores de riesgo, y se realizó la prueba de la χ2, análisis multivariado y regresión logística. Se calculó la probabilidad de supervivencia acumulada con el método de Kaplan-Meier. Se aplicó un modelo de regresión de Cox para determinar la relación proporcional de las variables del intento suicida que se relacionan con suicidio.

Resultados

Por cada muerte de mujer por suicidio, mueren 4,5 varones por esta causa; 1 de cada 4 personas fallecidas reportó al menos un intento previo. Los factores del intento relacionados con la muerte por suicidio fueron: ser varón (HR = 2,99; IC95%, 2,27–3,92), la edad adulta (>29 años, HR = 2,38; IC95%, 1,90–2,99), vivir en área rural (HR = 2,56; IC95%, 2,04–3,20) y padecer enfermedad crónica (HR = 2,43; IC95%, 1,66–3,57) o trastorno depresivo (HR = 1,94; IC95%, 1,55–2,41). El 50% de las muertes por suicidio ocurren hasta en los 560 días posteriores al intento.

Conclusiones

Se evidencia mayor riesgo de suicidio en pacientes varones, con historia de depresión, antecedentes de enfermedades crónicas y exposición a carga laboral.

Palabras clave:
Intento de suicidio
Suicidio
Factores de riesgo
Sistema de vigilancia sanitaria

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