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Vol. 26. Issue 4.
Pages 227-232 (January 2011)
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Vol. 26. Issue 4.
Pages 227-232 (January 2011)
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Neoplastic meningitis. Review of a clinical series
Meningitis neoplásica. Revisión de una serie hospitalaria
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A. Jiménez Mateos, F. Cabrera Naranjo, A. González Hernández
Corresponding author
ayozegonzalez@hotmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Ó. Fabre Pi, S. Díaz Nicolás, J.C. López Fernández
Sección de Neurología, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas, Spain
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Abstract
Introduction

The increase in the ageing population in the last decades has led to an increased frequency of cancer-associated complications. Among these, neurological disorders stand out, as they appear in 10–30% of patients with systemic neoplasia. Neoplastic meningitis accounts for 4–15% of patients with solid tumours and it has a poor prognosis. The objective of this paper is to describe the clinical, imaging and prognostic characteristics as well as cerebrospinal fluid findings in a series of neoplastic meningitis.

Background and development

We performed a retrospective review of all patients admitted to the Hospital Universitario of Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín with clinical suspicion of neoplastic meningitis between 1990 and 2008.

We selected 37 patients with an average age ranging from 15 to 75 years old. A total of 81.8% of the cases in which a primary tumour was found were associated with solid tumours (24.2% were located in the breast, and 24.2% in the lung). The most frequent sign of cranial nerve dysfunction was dyplopia, which was observed in 32.4% of the cases. The average survival rate after diagnosis was 87.9 days (12.6 weeks). The cerebrospinal fluid cytology was positive in 46.4% of the cases.

Conclusion

Neoplastic meningitis is a severe complication of both solid and haematological tumours. We stress the importance of maintaining a high level of suspicion to achieve early diagnosis, since the average survival probability for neoplastic meningitis patients is low.

Keywords:
Meningeal carcinomatosis
Neoplastic meningitis
Cerebrospinal fluid
Aetiology
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Resumen
Introducción

El progresivo envejecimiento de la población en las últimas décadas ha provocado un aumento en la frecuencia de aparición de las muchas complicaciones que se asocian al cáncer. Entre ellas destacan las neurológicas, que aparecen en un 10–30% de los pacientes con neoplasias sistémicas. La meningitis neoplásica aparece en un 4–15% de los pacientes con tumores sólidos y se asocia a un mal pronóstico. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir las características clínicas, licuorales, de imagen y pronósticas en una serie de meningitis neoplásica.

Fuentes y desarrollo

Se realizó una revisión retrospectiva de todos los pacientes ingresados en el Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín con sospecha de meningitis neoplásica entre los años 1990 y 2008. Se seleccionaron 37 pacientes, con un rango de edad entre los 15 y los 75 años. De los 33 casos en los que se identificó un tumor primario, 27 (81,8%) estaban asociados a tumores sólidos (24,2% de mama y 24,2% de pulmón). La diplopia fue la manifestación de disfunción de nervios craneales más frecuente, observándose en 12 casos (32,4%). La supervivencia media tras el diagnóstico fue de 87,9 días (12,6 semanas). La citología del líquido cefalorraquídeo fue positiva en 12/26 casos (46,4%).

Conclusión

La meningitis neoplásica es una complicación grave de los tumores tanto sólidos como hematológicos. Es necesario mantener un alto nivel de sospecha que permita establecer un diagnóstico precoz, puesto que la supervivencia media en los pacientes con meningitis neoplásica es baja

Palabras clave:
Meningitis carcinomatosa
Meningitis neoplásica
Líquido cefalorraquídeo
Etiología
Resonancia magnética
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Part of this paper was presented at the 60th Annual Meeting of the Spanish Society of Neurology.

Copyright © 2011. Sociedad Española de Neurología
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