metricas
covid
Buscar en
Medicina Clínica (English Edition)
Toda la web
Inicio Medicina Clínica (English Edition) Reduction of exercise-mediated endothelial dysfunction markers in sedentary adul...
Journal Information

Statistics

Follow this link to access the full text of the article

Brief report
Reduction of exercise-mediated endothelial dysfunction markers in sedentary adults with chronic spinal cord injury
Reducción de marcadores de disfunción endotelial mediante ejercicio en adultos sedentarios con lesión medular crónica
Manuel Rosety-Rodrigueza, Alejandra Camacho-Molinab, Ignacio Rosetyc, Gabriel Fornielesa, Miguel A. Rosetyc, Francisco Javier Ordoñezc,
Corresponding author
franciscojavier.ordonez@uca.es

Corresponding author.
a Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
b Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Juan Ramón Jiménez, Huelva, Spain
c Escuela de Medicina del Deporte, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
Read
159
Times
was read the article
68
Total PDF
91
Total HTML
Share statistics
 array:23 [
  "pii" => "S2387020615000273"
  "issn" => "23870206"
  "doi" => "10.1016/j.medcle.2013.10.001"
  "estado" => "S300"
  "fechaPublicacion" => "2015-01-20"
  "aid" => "2791"
  "copyright" => "Elsevier España, S.L.U.. All rights reserved"
  "copyrightAnyo" => "2013"
  "documento" => "simple-article"
  "crossmark" => 1
  "subdocumento" => "crp"
  "cita" => "Med Clin. 2015;144:59-61"
  "abierto" => array:3 [
    "ES" => false
    "ES2" => false
    "LATM" => false
  ]
  "gratuito" => false
  "lecturas" => array:2 [
    "total" => 158
    "formatos" => array:2 [
      "HTML" => 90
      "PDF" => 68
    ]
  ]
  "itemSiguiente" => array:19 [
    "pii" => "S2387020615000418"
    "issn" => "23870206"
    "doi" => "10.1016/j.medcle.2014.03.003"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2015-01-20"
    "aid" => "2939"
    "copyright" => "Elsevier España, S.L.U."
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 1
    "subdocumento" => "sco"
    "cita" => "Med Clin. 2015;144:62-4"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => false
      "ES2" => false
      "LATM" => false
    ]
    "gratuito" => false
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 144
      "formatos" => array:2 [
        "HTML" => 103
        "PDF" => 41
      ]
    ]
    "en" => array:10 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Editorial article</span>"
      "titulo" => "Chronotherapy with anti-hypertensive drugs to improve blood pressure control and reduce the vascular risk"
      "tienePdf" => "en"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en"
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "62"
          "paginaFinal" => "64"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "es" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Cronoterapia con antihipertensivos para mejorar el control de la presi&#243;n arterial y reducir el riesgo vascular"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "Ram&#243;n C&#46; Hermida"
          "autores" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Ram&#243;n C&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Hermida"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
    "Traduccion" => array:1 [
      "es" => array:9 [
        "pii" => "S0025775314002280"
        "doi" => "10.1016/j.medcli.2014.03.010"
        "estado" => "S300"
        "subdocumento" => ""
        "abierto" => array:3 [
          "ES" => false
          "ES2" => false
          "LATM" => false
        ]
        "gratuito" => false
        "lecturas" => array:1 [
          "total" => 0
        ]
        "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
        "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0025775314002280?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
      ]
    ]
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2387020615000418?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
    "url" => "/23870206/0000014400000002/v1_201509250127/S2387020615000418/v1_201509250127/en/main.assets"
  ]
  "itemAnterior" => array:19 [
    "pii" => "S2387020615000352"
    "issn" => "23870206"
    "doi" => "10.1016/j.medcle.2014.02.005"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2015-01-20"
    "aid" => "2924"
    "copyright" => "Elsevier Espa&#241;a&#44; S&#46;L&#46;U&#46;"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 1
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "Med Clin. 2015;144:55-8"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => false
      "ES2" => false
      "LATM" => false
    ]
    "gratuito" => false
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 152
      "formatos" => array:2 [
        "HTML" => 81
        "PDF" => 71
      ]
    ]
    "en" => array:12 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original article</span>"
      "titulo" => "Non-alcoholic fatty liver in children and adolescents with excess weight and obesity"
      "tienePdf" => "en"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en"
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "en"
        1 => "es"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "55"
          "paginaFinal" => "58"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "es" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "H&#237;gado graso no alcoh&#243;lico en pacientes con sobrepeso y obesidad infantojuvenil"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "en" => true
        "es" => true
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "M&#46; Guadalupe Guijarro de Armas, Susana Monereo Meg&#237;as, Cristina Navea Aguilera, Mar&#237;a Merino Viveros, M&#46; Bel&#233;n Vega Pi&#241;ero"
          "autores" => array:5 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "M&#46; Guadalupe"
              "apellidos" => "Guijarro de Armas"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Susana"
              "apellidos" => "Monereo Meg&#237;as"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Cristina"
              "apellidos" => "Navea Aguilera"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Mar&#237;a Merino"
              "apellidos" => "Viveros"
            ]
            4 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "M&#46; Bel&#233;n"
              "apellidos" => "Vega Pi&#241;ero"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
    "Traduccion" => array:1 [
      "es" => array:9 [
        "pii" => "S002577531400195X"
        "doi" => "10.1016/j.medcli.2014.02.018"
        "estado" => "S300"
        "subdocumento" => ""
        "abierto" => array:3 [
          "ES" => false
          "ES2" => false
          "LATM" => false
        ]
        "gratuito" => false
        "lecturas" => array:1 [
          "total" => 0
        ]
        "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
        "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S002577531400195X?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
      ]
    ]
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2387020615000352?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
    "url" => "/23870206/0000014400000002/v1_201509250127/S2387020615000352/v1_201509250127/en/main.assets"
  ]
  "en" => array:19 [
    "idiomaDefecto" => true
    "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Brief report</span>"
    "titulo" => "Reduction of exercise-mediated endothelial dysfunction markers in sedentary adults with chronic spinal cord injury"
    "tieneTextoCompleto" => true
    "paginas" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "paginaInicial" => "59"
        "paginaFinal" => "61"
      ]
    ]
    "autores" => array:1 [
      0 => array:4 [
        "autoresLista" => "Manuel Rosety-Rodriguez, Alejandra Camacho-Molina, Ignacio Rosety, Gabriel Fornieles, Miguel A&#46; Rosety, Francisco Javier Ordo&#241;ez"
        "autores" => array:6 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Manuel"
            "apellidos" => "Rosety-Rodriguez"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Alejandra"
            "apellidos" => "Camacho-Molina"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0010"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          2 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Ignacio"
            "apellidos" => "Rosety"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0015"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          3 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Gabriel"
            "apellidos" => "Fornieles"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          4 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Miguel A&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Rosety"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0015"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          5 => array:4 [
            "nombre" => "Francisco Javier"
            "apellidos" => "Ordo&#241;ez"
            "email" => array:1 [
              0 => "franciscojavier&#46;ordonez&#64;uca&#46;es"
            ]
            "referencia" => array:2 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0015"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span>"
                "identificador" => "cor0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "afiliaciones" => array:3 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Departamento de Medicina&#44; Universidad de C&#225;diz&#44; C&#225;diz&#44; Spain"
            "etiqueta" => "a"
            "identificador" => "aff0005"
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Servicio de Medicina Interna&#44; Hospital Juan Ram&#243;n Jim&#233;nez&#44; Huelva&#44; Spain"
            "etiqueta" => "b"
            "identificador" => "aff0010"
          ]
          2 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Escuela de Medicina del Deporte&#44; Universidad de C&#225;diz&#44; C&#225;diz&#44; Spain"
            "etiqueta" => "c"
            "identificador" => "aff0015"
          ]
        ]
        "correspondencia" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "cor0005"
            "etiqueta" => "&#8270;"
            "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author&#46;"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
      "es" => array:1 [
        "titulo" => "Reducci&#243;n de marcadores de disfunci&#243;n endotelial mediante ejercicio en adultos sedentarios con lesi&#243;n medular cr&#243;nica"
      ]
    ]
    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The increase in the life expectancy in patients with chronic spinal cord injury &#40;cSCI&#41; has been associated with an increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Apart from a sedentary lifestyle&#44; several cardiovascular risk factors are more common in patients with spinal cord injury&#58; metabolic alterations &#40;insulin resistance&#44; dyslipidaemias&#41; and changes in body composition &#40;loss of muscular mass&#44; increase in abdominal fat&#41;&#44; among others&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Furthermore&#44; patients with cSCI have higher values of systemic chronic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction markers&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Exercise improves many of these atherogenic factors&#44; including the proinflammatory state&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> However&#44; the effects of exercise on endothelial dysfunction shown by patients with cSCI have not been previously studied&#46; We have conducted a prospective study to assess the effects of a supervised training programme on the values of markers of endothelial activation in adult male patients with cSCI&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Patients and method</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Patients</span><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Seventeen adult male patients with sedentary lifestyles with cSCI equivalent to or below T5 volunteered for the study&#46; We agreed on this level because the functionality of patients with injury equivalent to or above T4 is limited by lower cardiac expenditure&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> The control group included eight out of the 17 participants whose baseline characteristics are summarised in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Inclusion criteria included the following&#58; male sex&#44; age between 25 and 35 years&#44; traumatic injury equivalent to or below T5&#44; spinal cord post-injury during 4&#8211;5 years&#44; satisfactory medical examination prior to participation&#46; Exclusion criteria included the following&#58; failure to complete&#44; at least&#44; 90&#37; of scheduled work sessions&#44; having participated in a training programme within the last 6 months and having a disease which prevented the patient from participating in the exercise programme&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Method</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Participants were randomly assigned to an intervention group &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>9&#41; with a 12-week crank ergometer exercise programme with three sessions&#47;week&#46; Each session included warm-up &#40;5&#8211;10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min&#41; and main activities that lasted 20&#8211;30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min &#40;which were increased by 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min and 30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>s every 3 weeks&#41;&#44; with a moderate intensity of 50&#8211;65&#37; of the maximum reserve heart rate &#40;RHR&#41; &#40;which began at 50&#37; and was increased by 5&#37; every 3 weeks&#41;&#46; To conduct a before&#8211;after analysis&#44; upon completion of the open randomised study&#44; these eight participants were included in the structured exercise programme&#46; Baseline characteristics of participants are summarised in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The RHR was determined by means of the equation&#58;<elsevierMultimedia ident="eq0005"></elsevierMultimedia></p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The peak heart rate &#40;HR&#41; was obtained through the pre-test maximum effort test&#46; Resting HR was determined through the medical recognition prior to participation&#46; Work sessions were supervised using cardio frequency monitors &#40;Polar PE 3000&#41;&#46; Participants took part in familiarisation sessions on the use of ergometers&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">All participants &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>17&#41; carried out maximal incremental effort tests using crank ergometers at the beginning and at the end of the study to determine their aerobic capacity &#40;VO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>max&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Antecubital vein blood samples were collected from all participants after 10&#8211;12<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h overnight fasting&#44; when they were included in the study and after effort tests&#46; After centrifugation during 10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min at 3000<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>rpm&#44; plasma samples were collected and stored in a freezer at &#8722;70<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C until study variables were determined&#46; Endothelin-1&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1</span> &#40;slCAM-1&#41; and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1</span> &#40;sVCAM-1&#41; values were determined by enzyme immunoanalysis using kits sold by R&#38;D Systems &#40;Minneapolis&#44; USA&#41;&#46; Finally&#44; the total fat mass percentage was determined by electric bioimpedanciometry at a frequency of 50<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Hz&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Prior to beginning&#44; there was an informative session for participants&#44; who signed the pertinent consent form&#46; Our study follows the recommendations of the Declaration of Helsinki &#40;2007&#41; and has been approved by an Institutional Ethics Committee&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Statistical analysis</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Results are expressed as a mean &#40;SD&#41;&#46; The normal nature of the distribution was demonstrated by the Shapiro&#8211;Wilk test due to the limited sample size&#46; Mean values were compared using the one-way ANOVA test with <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">post hoc</span> correction of the Bonferroni test for multiple determinations&#46; The significance level was set at <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#945;</span> of 0&#46;05&#46; Finally&#44; the effect size was determined by Cohen&#39;s <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">d</span>-test&#58; effect was weak if 0&#46;2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8804;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">d</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;5&#44; moderate if 0&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8804;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">d</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;8 and strong for values of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">d</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>8&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Results</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Upon completion of the 12-week intervention programme&#44; there was an aerobic capacity improvement in participants expressed as a significant increase in VO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>max in the comparative study &#40;mean &#91;SD&#93; of 23&#46;2 &#91;2&#46;1&#93; compared to 25&#46;6 &#91;1&#46;9&#93;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml&#47;kg&#47;min&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;037&#41;&#44; which was more significant in the before&#8211;after study &#40;mean of 22&#46;9 &#91;1&#46;8&#93; compared to 26&#46;0 &#91;2&#46;0&#93;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ml&#47;kg&#47;min&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#41;&#46; At the same time&#44; there was a significant reduction in the total fat mass percentage in both the comparative study &#40;mean of 27&#46;1 &#91;5&#46;3&#93; compared to 26&#46;0 &#91;5&#46;4&#93;&#37;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;041&#41; and the before&#8211;after study &#40;mean of 27&#46;3 &#91;5&#46;5&#93; compared to 26&#46;1 &#91;5&#46;3&#93;&#37;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;02&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Plasma values of endothelin-1 and sICAM-1 were significantly reduced in both the comparative study and the before&#8211;after study &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">There were no significant changes in any of the tested variables in the control group&#46; There were no injuries or retirements during the study&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Discussion</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This study shows that a physical exercise programme during 12 weeks reduces endothelial inflammation markers &#40;plasma values of endothelin-1 and sICAM-1&#41; in patients with cSCI&#46; These results expand the known benefits of physical exercise for the improvement of the endothelial function in patients with cSCI described in a recent systematic revision&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> Similar results have recently been published for patients with essential high blood pressure<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> and patients with intermittent claudication&#44; especially among patients who used a crank ergometer&#44; such as the one used in our study&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a></p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">However&#44; physical exercise has not modified the increase in endothelial inflammation markers in other patients&#46; A before&#8211;after study conducted in non-diabetic obese patients and obese patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 who completed a training programme &#40;during 12<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>weeks&#44; four sessions&#47;week at 70&#37; of VO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>max&#41; showed no changes in baseline values of endothelial inflammation markers&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> Also&#44; there were no changes in the body mass index&#44; waist&#47;hip ratio&#44; systolic or diastolic blood pressure&#44; glycohemoglobin or aerobic capacity &#40;VO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>max&#41; upon completion of the programme&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> which demonstrates that the training programme was not intense or lengthy enough to improve the value of vascular inflammation markers in obese or diabetic subjects&#46;</p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Reduction in endothelial inflammation markers may be due to the significant reduction in the body fat mass percentage after exercise&#44; as it occurred in obese adult patients<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> with exercise and a hypocaloric diet&#46;</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The absence of injuries or retirements shows that the training programme is safe and easy to follow&#44; especially when it is addressed to patients with disability&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> Having achieved the planned objectives in our study would not be as important as participants including exercise in their lifestyles&#44; since endothelin-1 values recover pre-intervention values a few weeks after having completed the training programme&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a></p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The main limitations of the study are its short-term design and small sample size&#46; To override these weaknesses&#44; we conducted a double prospective study &#40;randomised comparative study and before&#8211;after study&#41; using a homogeneous sample of adult male patients with low cSCI&#44; unlike studies that include tetraplegic and paraplegic patients&#46; In the comparative study&#44; the control group included patients with cSCI with sex and age adjustments&#44; unlike previous studies that included the general population with no spine cord damage&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In conclusion&#44; a 12-week&#44; supervised crank ergometer exercise programme reduces the values of endothelial dysfunction markers in adult male patients with cSCI&#46; To understand the impact of endothelial activation improvement regarding the clinical evolution of these patients&#44; studies with a larger sample size and clinical follow-up are necessary&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Conflict of interest</span><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest&#46;</p></span></span>"
    "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [
      "secciones" => array:10 [
        0 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "xres558808"
          "titulo" => "Abstract"
          "secciones" => array:4 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0005"
              "titulo" => "Background and objective"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0010"
              "titulo" => "Method"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0015"
              "titulo" => "Results"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0020"
              "titulo" => "Conclusion"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        1 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec574557"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
        ]
        2 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "xres558807"
          "titulo" => "Resumen"
          "secciones" => array:4 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0025"
              "titulo" => "Fundamento y objetivo"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0030"
              "titulo" => "M&#233;todo"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0035"
              "titulo" => "Resultados"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0040"
              "titulo" => "Conclusi&#243;n"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        3 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec574558"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
        ]
        4 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0005"
          "titulo" => "Introduction"
        ]
        5 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "sec0010"
          "titulo" => "Patients and method"
          "secciones" => array:3 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0015"
              "titulo" => "Patients"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0020"
              "titulo" => "Method"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0025"
              "titulo" => "Statistical analysis"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        6 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0030"
          "titulo" => "Results"
        ]
        7 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0035"
          "titulo" => "Discussion"
        ]
        8 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0040"
          "titulo" => "Conflict of interest"
        ]
        9 => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "References"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "fechaRecibido" => "2013-05-04"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2013-10-17"
    "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec574557"
          "palabras" => array:4 [
            0 => "Chronic spinal cord injury"
            1 => "Endothelial activation"
            2 => "Endothelial function"
            3 => "Exercise"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "es" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec574558"
          "palabras" => array:4 [
            0 => "Lesi&#243;n medular cr&#243;nica"
            1 => "Activaci&#243;n endotelial"
            2 => "Funci&#243;n endotelial"
            3 => "Ejercicio"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "tieneResumen" => true
    "resumen" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Background and objective</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Recent studies have found increased markers of endothelial activation in men with chronic spinal cord injury&#46; This study was conducted to determine the effects of arm-cranking exercise on endothelial dysfunction in male adults with chronic SCI&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Method</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A prospective randomised study of 17 sedentary adult males with chronic SCI at or under T5 level&#46; Nine performed a supervised exercise programme at a moderate intensity &#40;arm-cranking&#58; 12 weeks&#44; 3 sessions&#47;week&#41;&#46; Plasma levels of endothelin-1&#44; soluble intercellular adhesion molecule type 1 &#40;sICAM-1&#41;&#44; and soluble vascular adhesion molecule type 1 &#40;sVCAM-1&#41; were assessed by ELISA&#46; Outcome measurements also included physical fitness and total body fat mass percentage&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We observed both in the randomised and in the before&#8211;after studies a significant reduction of the levels of endothelin-1 and sICAM-1&#46; Furthermore&#44; significant improvements of both physical fitness and body composition were also found&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusion</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Arm-cranking exercise improved endothelial dysfunction in adult males with chronic SCI&#46; Long-term studies are still required to determine whether the correction of endothelial dysfunction improves the clinical outcomes of adults with chronic SCI&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:4 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0005"
            "titulo" => "Background and objective"
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0010"
            "titulo" => "Method"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0015"
            "titulo" => "Results"
          ]
          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0020"
            "titulo" => "Conclusion"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "es" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Resumen"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Fundamento y objetivo</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La morbimortalidad cardiovascular se ha incrementado entre las personas con lesi&#243;n medular cr&#243;nica &#40;LMC&#41;&#46; Se plante&#243; como objetivo determinar el efecto del ejercicio sobre marcadores de disfunci&#243;n endotelial en adultos sedentarios con LMC&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">M&#233;todo</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudio prospectivo aleatorizado en 17 adultos varones con LMC a nivel o debajo de T5&#46; Nueve de ellos realizaron un programa supervisado de ejercicios en erg&#243;metro de manivela a intensidad moderada &#40;12 semanas&#44; 3 sesiones&#47;semana&#41;&#46; Se determinaron mediante enzimoinmunoan&#225;lisis los valores plasm&#225;ticos de endotelina-1&#44; fracci&#243;n soluble de la mol&#233;cula de adhesi&#243;n celular vascular tipo-1&#44; y fracci&#243;n soluble de la mol&#233;cula de adhesi&#243;n intercelular tipo-1 &#40;sICAM-1&#41;&#44; antes y despu&#233;s del programa de ejercicio&#46; La capacidad aer&#243;bica y el porcentaje de masa grasa tambi&#233;n fueron evaluados&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resultados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Tras completar el programa de entrenamiento&#44; tanto en el estudio comparativo como en el estudio antes-despu&#233;s&#44; se observ&#243; una disminuci&#243;n significativa de los valores de endotelina-1 y fracci&#243;n soluble de la mol&#233;cula de adhesi&#243;n intercelular tipo-1&#46; Asimismo&#44; se observ&#243; una mejora estad&#237;sticamente significativa de la capacidad aer&#243;bica y la composici&#243;n corporal&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusi&#243;n</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El ejercicio mejor&#243; la disfunci&#243;n endotelial en varones adultos con LMC&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:4 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0025"
            "titulo" => "Fundamento y objetivo"
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0030"
            "titulo" => "M&#233;todo"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0035"
            "titulo" => "Resultados"
          ]
          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0040"
            "titulo" => "Conclusi&#243;n"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "NotaPie" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "etiqueta" => "&#9734;"
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0015">Please cite this article as&#58; Rosety-Rodriguez M&#44; Camacho-Molina A&#44; Rosety I&#44; Fornieles G&#44; Rosety MA&#44; Ordo&#241;ez FJ&#46; Reducci&#243;n de marcadores de disfunci&#243;n endotelial mediante ejercicio en adultos sedentarios con lesi&#243;n medular cr&#243;nica&#46; Med Clin &#40;Barc&#41;&#46; 2015&#59;144&#58;59&#8211;61&#46;</p>"
      ]
    ]
    "multimedia" => array:3 [
      0 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">AI&#44; anthropometric index obtained using the equation proposed by Bulbulian et al&#46; &#40;Med Sci Sports Exerc&#46; 1987&#59; 19&#58;195&#8211;201&#41;&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Fitness</span>&#44; expressed as maximum oxygen consumption&#59; BMI&#44; body mass index&#46;</p><p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Values expressed as a mean &#40;SD&#41;&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Total &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>17&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Intervention &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Control &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Age &#40;years&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">29&#46;8 &#40;3&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">29&#46;6 &#40;3&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">30&#46;2 &#40;3&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Duration of injury &#40;months&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">55&#46;3 &#40;3&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">54&#46;8 &#40;3&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">55&#46;7 &#40;3&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">BMI &#40;kg&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">27&#46;7 &#40;4&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">27&#46;6 &#40;4&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">27&#46;8 &#40;4&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">AI&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">28&#46;4 &#40;4&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">28&#46;3 &#40;5&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">28&#46;5 &#40;4&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Fitness</span> &#40;ml&#47;kg&#47;min&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">23&#46;1 &#40;2&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">23&#46;2 &#40;2&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">23&#46;0 &#40;2&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab901780.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Baseline characteristics of all participants&#44; as well as those assigned to intervention and control groups&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      1 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0010"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "tabla" => array:3 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">sICAM-1&#44; soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1&#59; sVCAM-1&#44; soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1&#46;</p><p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Values expressed as a mean &#40;SD&#41;&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Intervention group</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Control group</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col">Cohen&#39;s <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">d</span> test&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Pre-test&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Post-test&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Before&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">After&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Endothelin-1 &#40;pg&#47;ml&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;44 &#40;0&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;23 &#40;0&#46;3&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;&#44;&#42;&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;40 &#40;0&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;41 &#40;0&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;60&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">sICAM-1 &#40;ng&#47;ml&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">313 &#40;81&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">279 &#40;77&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;&#44;&#42;&#42;</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">319&#46;0 &#40;80&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">321 &#40;80&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;52&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">sVCAM-1 &#40;ng&#47;ml&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1240 &#40;233&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1210 &#40;226&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1255 &#40;228&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1253 &#40;229&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;19&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab901781.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          "notaPie" => array:2 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0005"
              "etiqueta" => "&#42;"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05 compared to pre-test&#46;</p>"
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0010"
              "etiqueta" => "&#42;&#42;"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0010"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05 compared to control group &#40;after&#41;&#46;</p>"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Endothelial function markers in adult patients with chronic spinal cord injury&#58; impact of a 12-week&#44; supervised training programme&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      2 => array:5 [
        "identificador" => "eq0005"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFORMULA"
        "mostrarFloat" => false
        "mostrarDisplay" => true
        "Formula" => array:5 [
          "Matematica" => "FCR&#61;&#40;FC&#8201;actividad&#8722;FC&#8201;reposo&#41;&#215;&#40;FC&#8201;pico&#8722;FC&#8201;reposo&#8722;1&#41;&#215;100&#37;&#46;"
          "Fichero" => "STRIPIN_si1.jpeg"
          "Tamanyo" => 4100
          "Alto" => 18
          "Ancho" => 458
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "References"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "bibs0005"
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:10 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0055"
              "etiqueta" => "1"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Management of cardiovascular disease risk factors in individuals with chronic spinal cord injury&#58; an evidence-based review"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "J&#46;J&#46; Cragg"
                            1 => "J&#46;A&#46; Stone"
                            2 => "A&#46;V&#46; Krassioukov"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1089/neu.2012.2313"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Neurotrauma"
                        "fecha" => "2012"
                        "volumen" => "29"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1999"
                        "paginaFinal" => "2012"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22738320"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0060"
              "etiqueta" => "2"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Circulating levels of markers of inflammation and endothelial activation are increased in men with chronic spinal cord injury"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "T&#46;D&#46; Wang"
                            1 => "Y&#46;H&#46; Wang"
                            2 => "T&#46;S&#46; Huang"
                            3 => "T&#46;C&#46; Su"
                            4 => "S&#46;L&#46; Pan"
                            5 => "S&#46;Y&#46; Chen"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/S0929-6646(08)60062-5"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Formos Med Assoc"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "106"
                        "paginaInicial" => "919"
                        "paginaFinal" => "927"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18063513"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0065"
              "etiqueta" => "3"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Low-grade inflammation and spinal cord injury&#58; exercise as therapy&#63;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "E&#46; Da Silva Alves"
                            1 => "V&#46; de Aquino Lemos"
                            2 => "F&#46; Ruiz da Silva"
                            3 => "F&#46;S&#46; Lira"
                            4 => "R&#46;V&#46; Dos Santos"
                            5 => "J&#46;P&#46; Rosa"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1155/2013/971841"
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Mediators Inflamm"
                        "fecha" => "2013"
                        "volumen" => "2013"
                        "paginaInicial" => "971841"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23533315"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0070"
              "etiqueta" => "4"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Exercise recommendations for individuals with spinal cord injury"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "P&#46;L&#46; Jacobs"
                            1 => "M&#46;S&#46; Nash"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Sports Med"
                        "fecha" => "2004"
                        "volumen" => "34"
                        "paginaInicial" => "727"
                        "paginaFinal" => "751"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15456347"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            4 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0075"
              "etiqueta" => "5"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "A systematic review of exercise as a therapeutic intervention to improve arterial function in persons living with spinal cord injury"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "A&#46;A&#46; Phillips"
                            1 => "A&#46;T&#46; Cote"
                            2 => "D&#46;E&#46; Warburton"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1038/sc.2010.193"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Spinal Cord"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "49"
                        "paginaInicial" => "702"
                        "paginaFinal" => "714"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21339761"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            5 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0080"
              "etiqueta" => "6"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Physical activity opposes the age-related increase in skeletal muscle and plasma endothelin-1 levels and normalizes plasma endothelin-1 levels in individuals with essential hypertension"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Nyberg"
                            1 => "S&#46;P&#46; Mortensen"
                            2 => "Y&#46; Hellsten"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Acta Physiol &#40;Oxf&#41;"
                        "fecha" => "2013"
                        "volumen" => "207"
                        "paginaInicial" => "524"
                        "paginaFinal" => "535"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            6 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0085"
              "etiqueta" => "7"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Effect of upper- and lower-limb exercise training on circulating soluble adhesion molecules&#44; hs-CRP and stress proteins in patients with intermittent claudication"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "J&#46;M&#46; Saxton"
                            1 => "I&#46; Zwierska"
                            2 => "K&#46; Hopkinson"
                            3 => "E&#46; Espigares"
                            4 => "S&#46; Choksy"
                            5 => "S&#46; Nawaz"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.ejvs.2007.12.007"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg"
                        "fecha" => "2008"
                        "volumen" => "35"
                        "paginaInicial" => "607"
                        "paginaFinal" => "613"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18226561"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            7 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0090"
              "etiqueta" => "8"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Vascular inflammatory markers in early-onset obese and type 2 diabetes subjects before and after three months&#8217; aerobic exercise training"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Hatunic"
                            1 => "F&#46; Finucane"
                            2 => "N&#46; Burns"
                            3 => "D&#46; Gasparro"
                            4 => "J&#46;J&#46; Nolan"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.3132/dvdr.2007.045"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Diab Vasc Dis Res"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "4"
                        "paginaInicial" => "231"
                        "paginaFinal" => "234"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17907114"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            8 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0095"
              "etiqueta" => "9"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Short-term lifestyle modification alters circulating biomarkers of endothelial health in sedentary&#44; overweight adults"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "R&#46;S&#46; Rector"
                            1 => "J&#46;R&#46; Turk"
                            2 => "G&#46;Y&#46; Sun"
                            3 => "B&#46;L&#46; Guilford"
                            4 => "B&#46;W&#46; Toedebusch"
                            5 => "M&#46;W&#46; McClanahan"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1139/h06-040"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Appl Physiol Nutr Metab"
                        "fecha" => "2006"
                        "volumen" => "31"
                        "paginaInicial" => "512"
                        "paginaFinal" => "517"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17111005"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            9 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0100"
              "etiqueta" => "10"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Effects of exercise training of 8 weeks and detraining on plasma levels of endothelium-derived factors&#44; endothelin-1 and nitric oxide&#44; in healthy young humans"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "S&#46; Maeda"
                            1 => "T&#46; Miyauchi"
                            2 => "T&#46; Kakiyama"
                            3 => "J&#46; Sugawara"
                            4 => "M&#46; Iemitsu"
                            5 => "Y&#46; Irukayama-Tomobe"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Life Sci"
                        "fecha" => "2001"
                        "volumen" => "69"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1005"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1016"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11508642"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
  ]
  "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
  "url" => "/23870206/0000014400000002/v1_201509250127/S2387020615000273/v1_201509250127/en/main.assets"
  "Apartado" => array:4 [
    "identificador" => "44146"
    "tipo" => "SECCION"
    "en" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Brief report"
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
  ]
  "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/23870206/0000014400000002/v1_201509250127/S2387020615000273/v1_201509250127/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004N&text.app=https://www.elsevier.es/"
  "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2387020615000273?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
]
Article information
ISSN: 23870206
Original language: English
The statistics are updated each day
Year/Month Html Pdf Total
2023 March 1 0 1
2018 April 1 0 1
2017 October 2 0 2
2017 September 9 2 11
2017 August 12 4 16
2017 July 6 1 7
2017 June 13 7 20
2017 May 9 19 28
2017 April 10 19 29
2017 March 10 15 25
2017 February 9 1 10
2017 January 8 0 8
2015 November 1 0 1
Show all

Follow this link to access the full text of the article

es en pt

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?

Você é um profissional de saúde habilitado a prescrever ou dispensar medicamentos