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Inicio Medicina Clínica (English Edition) Persistent olfactory dysfunction in mild COVID-19 patients: A descriptive study ...
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Vol. 160. Issue 8.
Pages 347-351 (April 2023)
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Vol. 160. Issue 8.
Pages 347-351 (April 2023)
Brief report
Persistent olfactory dysfunction in mild COVID-19 patients: A descriptive study of the characteristics and association with other symptoms
Alteración olfatoria persistente en pacientes con infección leve por COVID-19: estudio descriptivo de las características y su asociación con otros síntomas
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David Dylan García-Meléndez, María Isabel Morales-Casado
Corresponding author
mimorales@sescam.jccm.es

Corresponding author.
, Pilar Quintana Castro, Carlos Marsal Alonso
Hospital Universitario de Toledo, Av. Río Guadiana, 45007 Toledo, Spain
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Table 1. Statistical group comparison.
Abstract
Introduction

Post-COVID olfactory dysfunction continues to be studied due to the controversy of the mechanisms involved. The aim was to investigate the olfactory dysfunctions in association with other post-COVID symptoms.

Material and methods

Observational, descriptive and single-center study. The patients had confirmed mild COVID-19 and subjective olfactory dysfunction of more than a month of evolution, which was assessed by Sniffin’ Sticks Olfactory Test.

Results

A total of 86 patients participated. The mean age was 37.2 years (SD 9.82). 70.9% reported parosmia and 46.5% symptoms of brain fog. A pathological test result was obtained in 72.1% of the participants. The most failed pen was 11 (apple) in 76.7%. Anosmia of pen 15 (anise) was reported more frequently in 24.4% and cacosmia of pen 9 (garlic) in 27.9%. We observed a significant association between patients who reported parosmias and brain fog (RR 2.18; p=0.018), also between parosmia and phantosmia (RR 6.042; p<0.001).

Conclusion

There is some pathological selectivity for certain test pens, a higher prevalence of cognitive symptoms and many patients with combined parosmia and brain fog.

Keywords:
Olfactory dysfunction
COVID-19
Long COVID
Brain fog
Anosmia
Parosmia
Resumen
Introducción

La alteración olfatoria post-COVID continúa en estudio por la controversia sobre los mecanismos implicados. El objetivo de este estudio es caracterizar las alteraciones olfatorias y su relación con otros síntomas post-COVID.

Material y métodos

Estudio unicéntrico, observacional y descriptivo. Los pacientes tuvieron infección por COVID-19 leve confirmada y disfunción olfatoria subjetiva de más de un mes de evolución, evaluada con el Sniffin’ Sticks Olfatory Test.

Resultados

Se seleccionaron 86 pacientes. La edad media fue de 37,2 años (DE 9,82). El 70,9% refirieron parosmia y el 46,5% niebla mental. Se obtuvo un test patológico en el 72,1% de los participantes. El lápiz más fallado fue el número 11 (manzana), en el 76,7%. La anosmia fue reportada más frecuentemente con el lápiz 15 (anís) y la cacosmia con el lápiz 9 (ajo) en el 27,9%. Observamos una asociación significativa entre pacientes que refieren parosmias y niebla mental (RR 2,18; p=0,018) y entre parosmia y fantosmia (RR 6,042; p<0,001).

Conclusión

Se observa anosmia y cacosmia selectiva para algunos olores testados. Hay una alta prevalencia de síntomas cognitivos, más frecuentes en pacientes con parosmia.

Palabras clave:
Alteración olfatoria
COVID-19
COVID persistente
Niebla mental
Anosmia
Parosmia

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