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Vol. 162. Issue 8.
Pages 387-393 (April 2024)
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Vol. 162. Issue 8.
Pages 387-393 (April 2024)
Review
Is the sustainability of exposure to non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation possible?
¿Es posible la sostenibilidad de la exposición a las radiaciones electromagnéticas no ionizantes?
Irene Calventea, María Isabel Núñeza,b,c,
Corresponding author
isabeln@ugr.es

Corresponding author.
a Research Support Unit, Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), University Hospital Complex of Granada, Spain
b Department of Radiology and Physical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
c Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), University of Granada, Spain
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Abstract

Technological advances imply an increase in artificially generating sources of electromagnetic fields (EMF), therefore, resulting in a permanent exposure of people and the environment (electromagnetic pollution). Inconsistent results have been published considering the evaluated health effects. The purpose of this study was to review scientific literature on EMF to provide a global and retrospective perspective, on the association between human exposure to non-ionizing radiation (NIR, mainly radiofrequency-EMF) and health and environmental effects. Studies on the health effects of 5G radiation exposure have not yet been performed with sufficient statistical power, as the exposure time is still relatively short and also the latency and intensity of exposure to 5G. The safety standards only consider thermal effects, do not contemplate non-thermal effects. We consider relevant to communicate this knowledge to the general public to improve education in this field, and to healthcare professionals to prevent diseases that may result from RF-EMF exposures.

Keywords:
Radiofrequency electromagnetic field
Exposimeter
Personal measurements
Electromagnetic pollution
Health and environmental effects
Non-ionizing radiation safety guidelines
Resumen

Los avances tecnológicos implican un aumento de las fuentes artificiales que generan campos electromagnéticos (CEM), esto se traduce en una exposición permanente de las personas y el medio ambiente (contaminación electromagnética) a CEM. Se han publicado resultados contradictorios en cuanto a los efectos evaluados sobre la salud. El propósito de este estudio fue revisar la literatura científica sobre CEM para proporcionar una perspectiva global y retrospectiva, sobre la asociación entre la exposición humana a la radiación no ionizante (RNI, principalmente CEM en el rango de las radiofrecuencias) y los efectos sobre la salud y el medio ambiente. Aún no se han realizado estudios sobre los efectos en la salud de la exposición a la radiación 5G con suficiente potencia estadística, ya que el tiempo de exposición es todavía relativamente corto, igual que ocurre con la latencia y la intensidad de la exposición a la 5G. Las normas de seguridad solo consideran los efectos térmicos, no contemplan los efectos no térmicos. Consideramos relevante comunicar el conocimiento actual sobre este tema tanto al público en general para mejorar la educación en este campo, como a los profesionales sanitarios para prevenir las enfermedades que puedan derivarse de las exposiciones a RF-EMF.

Palabras clave:
Campo electromagnético de radiofrecuencia
Exposímetro
Mediciones personales
Contaminación electromagnética
Efectos sobre la salud y el medio ambiente
Directrices de seguridad frente a radiaciones no ionizantes

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