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Inicio Medicina Clínica (English Edition) Efficacy and safety of mRNA1273 SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in hematopoietic stem cel...
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Vol. 162. Issue 7.
Pages 313-320 (April 2024)
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Vol. 162. Issue 7.
Pages 313-320 (April 2024)
Original article
Efficacy and safety of mRNA1273 SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients: Single center experience
Eficacia y seguridad de la vacuna mRNA1273 SARS-CoV-2 en pacientes receptores de un trasplante hematopoyético: experiencia de un centro
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Maria Hugueta,
Corresponding author
mhuguetm@iconcologia.net

Corresponding author.
, Marc Boiguesb, Marc Soriguéa, Julià Blancoc, Bibiana Quirantb, Christelle Ferràa,d, on behalf of the study group
a Hematology Department, ICO Badalona – Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
b Immunology Department, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
c IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Badalona, Spain
d Universitat de Vic – Universitat Central de Catalunya, Spain
Annex. Members of the study group
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Table 1. Patient characteristics.
Table 2. Association of patient characteristics with negative serological response.
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Abstract
Background

COVID-19 represents a worldwide pandemic and vaccination remains the most effective preventive strategy. Among hematological patients, COVID-19 has been associated with a high mortality rate. Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 has shown high efficacy in reducing community transmission, hospitalization and deaths related to severe COVID-19 disease. However, patients with impaired immunity may have lower sero-responsiveness to vaccination.

Methods

This study focuses on hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients. We performed a unicenter, prospective, observational study of a cohort of 31 allogeneic and 56 autologous-HSCT recipients monitored between March 2021 and May 2021 for serological response after COVID-19 vaccination with two doses of mRNA1273 vaccine (Moderna). In order to determine seroconversion, serological status before vaccination was studied.

Results

At a median range of 75 days after the second vaccine dose, seroconversion rates were 84% and 85% for the autologous and allogeneic-HSCT groups, respectively. We confirmed some potential risk factors for a negative serological response, such as receiving anti-CD20 therapy in the previous year before vaccination, a low B-lymphocyte count and hypogammaglobulinemia. Neutralizing antibodies were quantified in 44 patients, with a good correlation with serological tests. Adverse events were minimal.

Conclusion

mRNA1273 vaccination is safe and effective in HSCT recipients, especially in those presenting recovered immunity.

Keywords:
COVID-19
Vaccination
HSCT recipients
Resumen
Introducción

Entre los pacientes hematológicos, la COVID-19 se ha asociado a una mayor mortalidad. La vacunación frente a SARS-CoV-2 es la principal estrategia de prevención y ha demostrado eficacia en la reducción de la transmisión, de la hospitalización y de la tasa de mortalidad. Aun así, los pacientes oncohematológicos con un sistema inmunológico disfuncional podrían presentar una respuesta menor a la vacunación.

Métodos

Estudio unicéntrico, prospectivo y observacional, con una cohorte de 31 receptores de un trasplante alogénico de progenitores hematopoyéticos y de 56 receptores de un trasplante autólogo que recibieron la vacunación frente a SARS-CoV-2 entre marzo de 2021 y mayo de 2021, con 2 dosis de la vacuna mRNA1273 (Moderna). Para poder determinar la tasa de seroconversión, se determinó el estado serológico previamente a la vacunación y posteriormente se monitorizó la respuesta serológica.

Resultados

Con un tiempo medio de seguimiento de 75 días después de la segunda vacuna, la tasa de seroconversión fue del 84%, y del 85% en el grupo receptor de trasplante autólogo y alogénico, respectivamente. Se confirmaron algunos potenciales factores de riesgo para la ausencia de respuesta serológica, como haber recibido terapias anti-CD20, un recuento bajo de linfocitos B y la hipogammaglobulinemia. En 44 pacientes se cuantificaron títulos de anticuerpos neutralizantes, con buena correlación con los test serológicos. Los efectos adversos de la vacuna fueron mínimos.

Conclusión

La vacunación con mRNA1273 es segura y efectiva en los pacientes receptores de un trasplante de progenitores hematopoyéticos, especialmente en los que presentan reconstitución inmune previa.

Palabras clave:
COVID-19
Vacunación
Trasplante hematopoyético

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