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Vol. 46. Issue 2.
Pages 83-91 (February 2023)
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Vol. 46. Issue 2.
Pages 83-91 (February 2023)
Original article
Risk of thromboembolic events in relation to the management of anticoagulant and antiagregant therapy in patients subjected to endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
Riesgo de eventos tromboembólicos en función del manejo de la terapia anticoagulante y antiagregante en pacientes sometidos a colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica
Rafael Manuel Alejandre-Altamiranoa,
Corresponding author
h12alalr@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Javier Castro-Rodrígueza, María Pleguezuelo-Navarroa, Luis Leonardo Casáis-Juanenaa, Francisco Javier Serrano-Ruiza, Ana María Martínez-Rodríguezb, Antonio José Hervás-Molinaa
a Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
b Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
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Abstract
Background and objectives

The main clinical practice guidelines recommend adequate periprocedural withdrawal and reintroduction of antithrombotic drugs in case of invasive techniques. The main objective of this study was to assess whether in patients receiving anticoagulant or antiplatelet therapy, the suppression or reduction of the pharmacological dose for the performance of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) implies a greater risk of thromboembolic events.

Patients and methods

A prospective observational study was carried out, which included 644 ERCP performed with therapeutic intention during 2019 at the Reina Sofía University Hospital with follow-up during the 30 days after the endoscopic intervention.

Results

6 patients presented a thromboembolic event, finding no differences between the incorrect withdrawal/reintroduction of antithrombotic treatment and a higher proportion of thromboembolic or hemorrhagic events after the procedure (p > 0.05). The incidence of thrombotic events was significantly higher in patients treated with heparin or apixaban (p = 0.001), as well as with a history of atrial fibrillation (p = 0.05), rheumatic valve disease (p = 0.037) and recurrent pulmonary embolism (p = 0.035), this being also an independent risk factor. Likewise, the incidence of hemorrhage in the 30 days postphincterotomy was significantly lower in those with implantation of a biliary prosthesis (p = 0.04).

Conclusions

Inadequate periprocedural management of antithrombotic therapy is not associated with a significant increase in the incidence of thromboembolic events in the 30 days after ERCP. However, close follow-up and surveillance during the days after this is essential in those patients with a condition that significantly increases the risk of thrombosis.

Keywords:
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
Sphincterotomy
Thromboembolic event
Anticoagulant
Antiplatelet
Resumen
Antecedentes y objetivos

Las principales guías de práctica clínica recomiendan un adecuado manejo periprocedimiento de los fármacos antitrombóticos en caso de realización de técnicas invasivas. El principal objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar si existe mayor riesgo de eventos tromboembólicos por la supresión o disminución de la dosis de anticoagulantes o antiagregantes en pacientes sometidos a una colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica (CPRE).

Pacientes y métodos

Se realizó un estudio observacional prospectivo que incluyó 644 CPRE realizadas con intención terapéutica durante el año 2019 en el Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía con un seguimiento de 30 días posprocedimiento.

Resultados

6 pacientes presentaron un evento tromboembólico, no hallando diferencias entre la incorrecta retirada/reintroducción del tratamiento antitrombótico y una mayor proporción de eventos tromboembólicos o hemorrágicos tras el procedimiento (p > 0,05). La incidencia de eventos trombóticos fue significativamente mayor en pacientes en tratamiento con heparina o apixaban (p = 0,001), así como con antecedente de fibrilación auricular (p = 0,05), valvulopatía reumática (p = 0,037) y tromboembolismo pulmonar recurrente (p = 0,035) siendo éste además factor de riesgo independiente. Asimismo, la incidencia de hemorragia en los 30 días posesfinterotomía fue significativamente menor en aquellos con implantación de prótesis biliar (p = 0,04).

Conclusiones

El inadecuado manejo periprocedimiento de la terapia antitrombótica no se asocia a un aumento significativo de la incidencia de eventos tromboembólicos en los 30 días posCPRE. No obstante, se aconseja seguir las recomendaciones para una adecuada suspensión/reintroducción de fármacos antitrombóticos, realizando una vigilancia y seguimiento estrechos tras el procedimiento en pacientes con factores que aumenten el riesgo trombótico.

Palabras clave:
Colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica
Esfinterotomía
Evento tromboembólico
Anticoagulante
Antiagregante

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