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Vol. 71. Issue 3.
Pages 96-102 (March 2024)
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Vol. 71. Issue 3.
Pages 96-102 (March 2024)
Original article
Glycemic variability in diagnosis of gestational diabetes as predictor of pharmacological treatment
Variabilidad glucémica al diagnóstico de diabetes gestacional como predictor de tratamiento farmacológico
Rosa Márquez-Pardoa,
Corresponding author
rosa_marquez_pardo@hotmail.com

Corresponding author.
, María-Gloria Baena-Nietob, Juan-Antonio Córdoba-Doñab, Concepción Cruzado-Beginesb, Lourdes García-García-Doncelb, Manuel Aguilar-Diosdadoc, Isabel-María Torres-Bareac
a Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Juan Ramón Jiménez, Huelva, Spain
b Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario de Jerez de la Frontera, Jerez de la Frontera, Spain
c Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain
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Tables (2)
Table 1. Analytical & anthropometric parameters.
Table 2. Logistic regression analysis of the association between GV and maternal-fetal complications and treatment with insulin. Odds ratio (confidence interval 95%), p-value.
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Abstract
Introduction

To establish whether glycemic variability (GV) parameters used when gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has been diagnosed could help predict the probability that a patient will need pharmacological treatment, and to analyze the link of these parameters to the development of maternal-fetal complications.

Materials and methods

A prospective study of 87 women with GDM who underwent retrospective continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) for six days between weeks 26 and 32 of gestation, following diagnosis. The mean glycemia levels and GV variables were analyzed together with their link to maternal-fetal complications, and the need for pharmacological treatment. ROC (receiver operating characteristic) curves were developed to determine validity to detect the need for pharmacological treatment.

Results

Patients with higher mean glycemia (p < 0.001) and continuous overlapping of net glycemic action in a period of n-hours (CONGAn) (p = 0.001) required pharmacological treatment. The ROC curves showed cut-off points of 98.81 mg/dL for mean glycemia, and 86.70 mg/dL for CONGAn, with 83.3% sensitivity and 67.8% specificity for both parameters. No relation between the GV parameters and development of maternal-fetal complications was observed.

Conclusions

The use of CGM, once GDM is diagnosed, enables us to identify those patients who would benefit from closer monitoring during gestation, and facilitate a speedier take-up of pharmacological treatment. However, prospective studies involving a higher number of patients are needed, as well as a cost assessment for recommending the use of CGM following GDM diagnosis.

Keywords:
Continuous glucose monitoring
Glycemic variability
Gestational diabetes mellitus
Pharmacological treatment
Maternal-fetal complications
Resumen
Objetivo

Establecer si determinados parámetros de variabilidad glucémica (VG) al diagnóstico de Diabetes Mellitus gestacional (DMG) podrían ayudar a predecir la probabilidad de precisar tratamiento farmacológico y analizar la relación de estos con el desarrollo de complicaciones materno-fetales.

Métodos

Estudio prospectivo en 87 mujeres con DMG a las que se realiza una monitorización continua de glucosa (MCG) retrospectiva entre la 26-32 semana de gestación durante 6 días, tras el diagnóstico. Se analizan glucemia media y parámetros de VG y su asociación con complicaciones materno-fetales y necesidad de tratamiento farmacológico. Se elaboran curvas ROC para estimar la validez para detectar la necesidad de tratamiento farmacológico.

Resultados

Las pacientes con glucemia media más elevada (p < 0.001) y solapamiento continuo de la acción de la glucosa en un periodo de n-horas (CONGA) (p = 0.001) precisaron tratamiento farmacológico. A partir de las curvas ROC se obtuvieron los puntos de corte de 98.81 mg/dL para glucemia media y de 86.70 mg/dL para CONGA con una sensibilidad de 83.3%% y especificidad de 67.8% para ambos parámetros. No se observó una relación entre los distintos parámetros de VG y el desarrollo de complicaciones materno-fetales.

Conclusiones

El uso de la MCG al diagnóstico de la DMG permite identificar a aquellas pacientes que se beneficiarían de una vigilancia más estrecha durante la gestación, facilitando el inicio de un tratamiento farmacológico precoz. No obstante, son necesarios estudios prospectivos con un mayor número de pacientes y que evalúen los costes asociados para poder recomendar el uso de la MCG tras el diagnóstico de DMG.

Palabras clave:
Monitorización continua de glucosa
Variabilidad glucémica
Diabetes mellitus gestacional
Tratamiento farmacológico
Complicaciones materno-fetales

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