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Clinical Xenotransplantation, a Closer Reality: Literature Review
Xenotrasplantes, una realidad cercana en la práctica clínica: revisión de la literatura
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Ana María Aristizabala,b, Luis Armando Caicedoa,b, Juan Manuel Martíneza,b, Manuel Morenoa,b, Gabriel J. Echeverria,b,
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a Centro de Investigaciones Clínicas, Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia
b Centro para la Investigación en Cirugía Avanzada y Trasplantes (CICAT), Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia
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Received 26 September 2016. Accepted 15 December 2016
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Table 1. Advantages and Disadvantages of Pigs as a Potential Source of Organs and Cells for Humans, Compared to Baboons.
Table 2. Currently Available Pigs That Have Been Genetically Modified for Xenotransplant Research.
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Abstract

Xenotransplantation could provide an unlimited supply of organs and solve the current shortage of organs for transplantation.

To become a reality in clinical practice, the immunological and physiological barriers and the risk of xenozoonosis that they possess should be resolved.

From the immunological point of view, in the last 30 years a significant progress in the production of transgenic pigs has prevented the hyperacute rejection.

About xenozoonosis, attention has been focused on the risk of transmission of porcine endogenous retroviruses; however, today, it is considered that the risk is very low and the inevitable transmission should not prevent the clinical xenotransplantation.

Regarding the physiological barriers, encouraging results have been obtained and it's expected that the barriers that still need to be corrected can be solved in the future through genetic modifications.

Keywords:
Xenotransplantation
Genetic engineering
Xenogeneic infections
Resumen

Los xenotrasplantes podrían proveer un suministro ilimitado de órganos y resolver la actual escasez de estos para trasplantes.

Para que los xenotrasplantes se conviertan en una realidad en la práctica clínica, se deben resolver las barreras inmunológicas, fisiológicas y el riesgo de xenozoonosis que estos poseen.

Desde el punto de vista inmunológico, en los últimos 30 años se han realizado grandes avances en la producción de cerdos transgénicos, con lo que se ha logrado evitar el rechazo hiperagudo. Acerca de la xenozoonosis, la mayor atención ha sido dirigida al riesgo de transmisión de retrovirus endógenos porcinos; sin embargo, en la actualidad, se considera que el riesgo es muy bajo y que la transmisión inevitable no debería impedir el xenotrasplante clínico. En cuanto a las barreras fisiológicas, se han obtenido resultados alentadores y se espera que las barreras que aún faltan por corregir se solucionen por medio de las modificaciones genéticas.

Palabras clave:
Xenotrasplantes
Xenozoonosis
Ingeniería genética

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