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Innovation in surgical technique
Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring of the Phrenic Nerve: Utility and Descriptions of the Technique
Monitorización neurofisiológica intraoperatoria del nervio frénico: utilidad y descripción de la técnica
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Alberto Grande-Martína,
Corresponding author
agrandem@sescam.jccm.es

Corresponding author.
, Agustina Martínez-Morenob, Rosa María Sánchez-Honrubiaa, José Manuel Pardal-Fernándeza
a Unidad de Neurofisiología, Hospital Universitario General de Albacete, Albacete, Spain
b Servicio de Cirugía General, Hospital Universitario General de Albacete, Albacete, Spain
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Received 24 September 2018. Accepted 03 November 2018
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Abstract

In surgical procedures of the supraclavicular and lateral cervical regions, as well as in cardiac and mediastinal surgeries, diaphragm function can be compromised by the risk of injury to the phrenic nerve and/or the C4 root. There are few publications that treat the intraoperative stimulation of these nerve structures to evaluate their functionality and, to our knowledge, until now it has not been hypothesized about whether it is possible to reduce the injury rates, which reach 26% in some cardiac surgery studies.

We describe the technique used for the neurophysiological monitoring of the phrenic nerve. Also, its usefulness and advantages over other techniques are discussed.

We conclude that, with the increasing incorporation in recent years of intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring, its application to the phrenic nerve is possible in procedures with a risk of injury and, thus, the reduction of iatrogenic injury rates may be feasible.

Keywords:
Phrenic nerve
C4 root
Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring
Neurological deficit prevention
Resumen

En procedimientos quirúrgicos de las regiones supraclaviculares y laterales cervicales, así como en cirugías cardíacas y mediastínicas, la función diafragmática puede comprometerse desde la base del riesgo de lesión del nervio frénico y/o la raíz C4. Son escasas las publicaciones que tratan la estimulación intraoperatoria de estas estructuras nerviosas para evaluar su funcionalidad y, en nuestro conocimiento, hasta ahora no se ha hipotetizado acerca de si es posible reducir las tasas de lesión situadas en hasta el 26% en algunos estudios de cirugía cardíaca.

Describimos la técnica empleada para la monitorización neurofisiológica del nervio frénico. Asimismo, se discute su utilidad y ventajas respecto a otras técnicas.

Concluimos que con la incorporación creciente de la monitorización neurofisiológica intraoperatoria en los últimos años, es posible su aplicación al nervio frénico en los procedimientos en los que se considere que existe riesgo de lesión del mismo y, con ella, puede ser factible la reducción de las tasas de lesión iatrógena.

Palabras clave:
Nervio frénico
Raíz C4
Monitorización neurofisiológica intraoperatoria
Prevención déficit neurológico

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