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Inicio Actas Urológicas Españolas (English Edition) Mortality due to prostate cancer in the Spanish arm of the European Randomized S...
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Vol. 36. Issue 7.
Pages 403-409 (July - August 2012)
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Vol. 36. Issue 7.
Pages 403-409 (July - August 2012)
Original article
Mortality due to prostate cancer in the Spanish arm of the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC). Results after a 15-year follow-up
Mortalidad por cáncer de próstata en la rama española del European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC). Resultados tras 15 años de seguimiento
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M. Lujána,b,
Corresponding author
mlujang@salud.madrid.org

Corresponding author.
, Á. Páezb,c, A. Berenguerb,d, J.A. Rodrígueze
a Servicio de Urología, Hospital Universitario Infanta Cristina, Parla, Madrid, Spain
b Rama española del European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer
c Servicio de Urología, Hospital Universitario de Fuenlabrada, Fuenlabrada, Madrid, Spain
d Servicio de Urología, Hospital Universitario Madrid-Norte Sanchinarro, Madrid, Spain
e Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Madrid, Spain
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Statistics
Figures (2)
Tables (4)
Table 1. Data of descriptive statistics for the variables age at randomization, follow-up time, and PSA level.
Table 2. Survival table. Overall mortality. Probability of survival depending on the follow-up time.
Table 3. Survival table. Cancer-specific mortality. Probability of survival depending on the follow-up time.
Table 4. Mortality by broad groups of causes of death.
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Abstract
Objective

To address if prostate cancer (PCa) screening decreases PCa mortality in the asymptomatic population, within the setting of the Spanish arm of the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC).

Material and methods

From 1996 to 1999, 4278 men aged 45–70 years were recruited and randomized to the screening arm (PSA every 4 years, prostate biopsy when PSA3ng/ml) and control arm (no tests). Dates and causes of death were collected on an annual basis. A Kaplan–Meier analysis was used to calculate overall and cancer-specific survival.

Results

A total of 2416 men were recruited in the screening arm and 1862 in the control arm. Mean age was 57.8 years, and median follow-up was 13.3 years. At the end of the follow-up period, 427 deaths (9 from PCa) were observed. Survival analysis did not show any difference between the study arms with respect to overall and cancer-specific survival (p=0.939 and p=0.544 respectively). Most relevant causes of death were malignant tumors (52.9%), cardiovascular disease (17.3%) and respiratory (8.9%). Only 2.1% of deaths (0.2% of all recruited men) were due to PCa (2.5% screening, 1.6% control).

Conclusions

The Spanish arm of ERSPC failed to reproduce the long-term results shown in the whole study. No differences in mortality (overall or cancer-specific) were observed after 15 years of follow-up. PCa mortality was infrequent (less than 1%). These results suggest limited yield of PCa screening in our setting.

Keywords:
Prostate cancer
Population screening
Mortality
Resumen
Objetivo

Estudiar si el screening del cáncer de próstata (CaP) reduce la mortalidad por esta enfermedad en la población asintomática, dentro del ámbito de la rama española del European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC).

Material y métodos

Entre 1996 y 1999 fueron reclutados 4.278 varones con edades comprendidas entre los 45 y los 70 años. Fueron aleatorizados a brazo screening (PSA cada 4 años, con biopsia prostática si PSA3ng/ml) y brazo control (no tests). De modo anual se registraron fechas y causas de mortalidad. Se realizó un análisis Kaplan-Meier para calcular la supervivencia global y cáncer-específica.

Resultados

Se reclutaron 2.416 sujetos en el brazo screening y 1.862 en el control. La edad media fue de 57,8 años y la mediana del tiempo de seguimiento de 13,3 años. Al finalizar el seguimiento se registraron 427 fallecimientos (9 por CaP). El análisis de supervivencia no mostró diferencia entre los brazos del estudio con respecto a la mortalidad global ni cáncer-específica (p=0,939 y p=0,544 respectivamente). Las causas principales de muerte fueron los tumores malignos (52,9%), las enfermedades cardiovasculares (17,3%) y respiratorias (8,9%). Solo un 2,1% de las muertes (0,2% de todos los reclutados) fueron causadas por CaP (2,5% screening, 1,6% control).

Conclusiones

La rama española del ERSPC no ha reproducido los resultados a largo plazo del estudio principal, no observándose diferencias en la mortalidad (global o cáncer-específica) después de 15 años de seguimiento. La mortalidad por CaP fue muy limitada (inferior al 1%).

Palabras clave:
Cáncer de próstata
Cribado poblacional
Mortalidad

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