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Revista Española de Medicina Nuclear e Imagen Molecular (English Edition) The value of oropharyngoesophageal scintigraphy in the management of aspiration ...
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Vol. 34. Issue 5.
Pages 282-286 (September - October 2015)
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Vol. 34. Issue 5.
Pages 282-286 (September - October 2015)
Original Article
The value of oropharyngoesophageal scintigraphy in the management of aspiration into the tracheobronchial tree in neurological patients
El valor de la gammagrafía orofaringeoesofágica en el manejo de la aspiración en el árbol traqueobronquial en pacientes neurológicos
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M. Grossoa, B. Fattorib, D. Volterrania, S. Chondrogiannisc, G. Bonia, A. Naccib, M.C. Marzolac, D. Rubelloc,
Corresponding author
a Regional Centre of Nuclear Medicine, Santa Chiara Hospital, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
b Ear, Nose and Throat Audiology Phoniatrics Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
c Department of Nuclear Medicine, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Rovigo, Italy
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Table 1. Diseases associated with dysphagia and bronchial aspiration.
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Table 2. Mean percentages of tracheal and pulmonary aspiraton in different diseases.
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Abstract
Aim

Dysphagia and bolus aspiration are two of the most frequent and invalidating symptoms of various neurological diseases. Swallowing disorders often lead to tracheobronchial aspiration with consequent pneumonia episodes. Aspiration pneumonia per se constitutes the most frequent cause of death in these patients, with mortality rate ranging from 20% to 62%. Oropharyngoesophageal scintigraphy (OPES) permits functional quantitative assessment of the different stages of swallowing, together with the detection and quantitative measurement of bolus aspiration. In this work, we analyzed the role of OPES in patients with different neurological conditions to evaluate swallowing and to detect and quantify bolus aspiration.

Material and methods

We enrolled 43 neurological patients (25 women and 18 men, mean age 67.3±12.4 yr) complaining of dysphagia with suspected inhalation. All patients underwent OPES with 99mTc-nanocolloid using a liquid bolus first, followed by a semi-solid bolus. We evaluated the following parameters: Oral, Pharyngeal and Esophageal Transit Time, Oro-Pharyngeal Retention Index, Esophageal Emptying Rate, and Aspiration Rate (% AR).

Results

OPES detected some airway aspiration in 26/43 patients. 19 patients had tracheal aspiration (with a mean 18.1% AR) and the remaining 7 patients had bilateral broncho-pulmonary aspiration (mean 44.9% AR).

Conclusions

OPES is a feasible, repeatable and noninvasive method that allows quantitative assessment of bolus aspiration into the tracheobronchial tract, thus representing a useful and accurate tool to guide the most appropriate treatment and to monitor response to therapy in neurological patients with dysphagia.

Keywords:
Tracheo-bronchial aspiration
Oropharyngoesophageal scintigraphy
Dysphagia
Aspiration pneumonia
Resumen
Objetivo

La disfagia y la broncoaspiración de comida son 2 de los síntomas más frecuentes e invalidantes de diversas enfermedades neurológicas. Los trastornos de deglución producen una aspiración traqueobronquial y episodios de neumonía. La neumonía por aspiración constituye en sí misma la causa más frecuente de muerte en estos pacientes, con tasas de mortalidad entre 20–62%. La gammagrafía orofaringeoesofágica (OPES) permite la evaluación funcional cuantitativa de los diferentes estadios de la deglución, junto con la detección y la cuantificación de la broncoaspiración. En este trabajo analizamos el papel de la OPES para evaluar la deglución y para detectar y cuantificar la broncoaspiración de comida en pacientes con variadas situaciones neurológicas.

Material y métodos

Se estudiaron 43 pacientes neurológicos (25 mujeres y 18 hombres, edad media 67,3+12,4 años) que presentaban disfagia y sospecha de inhalación. A todos los pacientes se les realizó OPES con 99mTc-nanocoloide usando primero un bolo líquido y después un bolo semisólido. Se evaluaron los siguientes parámetros: tiempos de tránsito oral, faríngeo y esofágico, índice de retención orofaríngea, tasa de vaciamiento esofágico, índice de retención orofaríngea, tasa de vaciamiento esofágico y tasa de aspiración (%AR).

Resultados

La OPES detectó broncoaspiración en 26/43 pacientes. Diecinueve pacientes tuvieron aspiración traqueal (media AR 18,1%) y los restantes 7 pacientes aspiración broncopulmonar bilateral (media AR 44,9%).

Conclusiones

La OPES es un método no invasivo, factible y repetible que permite la evaluación cuantitativa de la aspiración de comida en el tracto traqueobronquial. Por ello, representa un procedimiento útil y exacto para guiar el tratamiento más apropiado y para monitorizar la respuesta terapéutica en pacientes neurológicos con disfagia.

Palabras clave:
Traqueobroncoaspiración
Gammagrafía orofaringeoesofágica
Disfagia
Neumonía por aspiración

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