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Revista Española de Medicina Nuclear e Imagen Molecular (English Edition) In-depth clinical and dosimetric analysis of 166Ho-radioembolization in patients...
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Original Article
Uncorrected Proof. Available online 5 December 2025
In-depth clinical and dosimetric analysis of 166Ho-radioembolization in patients with liver cancer: An observational study
Análisis clínica y dosimétrica de la radioembolización con ¹⁶⁶Ho en pacientes con cáncer hepático: un estudio observacional
R. Sá e Silvaa,
Corresponding author
, J. André Oliveirab, J. Santosa, R. Albergueiroc, P. Pereirab, L. Costaa
a Nuclear Medicine Department, Unidade Local de Saúde de Santo António, Porto, Portugal
b Radiology Department, Unidade Local de Saúde de Santo António, Porto, Portugal
c Nuclear Medicine Department, Unidade Local de Saúde de São João, Porto, Portugal
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Tables (5)
Table 1. General characteristics of all patients who proceeded to therapy procedure of 166Ho-TARE.
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Table 2. Dosimetric and volumetric variables comparison between the scout and the therapy procedures in patients who proceeded to therapy procedure of 166Ho-TARE.
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Table 3. Volumetric and dosimetric data according to mRECIST/RECIST criteria at 3-month reevaluation at a tumor- and patient-level analysis.
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Table 4. Demographic, clinical, volume- and dosimetric- characterization in all patient-level analysis for dose-response assessment (n = 14) and according to “Responsive” and “Non-responsive” categories.
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Table 5. Volume- and dosimetric- comparison according to “Responsive” and “Non-responsive” categories at lesion- and patient-level analysis.
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Abstract
Introduction

Transarterial radioembolization (TARE) using holmium-166 (¹⁶⁶Ho) microspheres is a treatment for unresectable primary and secondary liver malignancies. The pre-therapeutic simulation procedure using a scout dose is critical to predict microsphere distribution and exclude extrahepatic leakage. This single-center observational study aimed to evaluate the dosimetric agreement between ¹⁶⁶Ho-scout and ¹⁶⁶Ho-therapy, and to correlate tumor-absorbed dose with treatment response at both tumor and patient levels.

Methods

Prospective, observational study included patients with BCLC 2022 stage A/B hepatocellular carcinoma or oligometastatic liver disease undergoing ¹⁶⁶Ho-TARE were included. Voxel-based dosimetry was performed using Q-suite. Contrast-enhanced CT was acquired 3 months post-treatment. Treatment response was assessed by RECIST/mRECIST criteria.

Results

Twenty patients underwent the pre-treatment procedure; 18 proceeded to therapy. No significant differences were observed between scout and therapy procedures in whole-liver (P = .331) and tumor doses (P = .063), indicating reliable pre-therapeutic evaluation. Fourteen patients with 16 treated lesions were included in the dose-response analysis (median volume: 22,1 [10,5–80,3] mL; dose: 22,1 [10,5–80,3] Gy). The objective tumor response rate at 3 months was 94%. However, no significant differences were found in absorbed dose metrics (P = .315) or dose-volume histogram values (D50, D70, D85) between responsive and non-responsive (NR) lesions. Patient-level analysis showed a 29% progression rate, with NR patients more likely to have secondary liver tumors (P = .011).

Conclusion

This study including a Portuguese cohort treated with ¹⁶⁶Ho-TARE showed a high tumor response rate. However, the limited sample size reduces the robustness of the conclusions. Further data from ongoing follow-up are awaited.

Keywords:
Radioembolization
Liver cancer
Nuclear medicine
Dosimetry
Resumen
Introducción

La radioembolización transarterial (TARE) con microesferas de holmio-166 (¹⁶⁶Ho) es un tratamiento para las neoplasias hepáticas primarias y secundarias no resecables. El procedimiento de simulación preterapéutica mediante una dosis de exploración (“scout dose”) es fundamental para predecir la distribución de las microesferas y excluir fugas extrahepáticas. Este estudio observacional unicéntrico tuvo como objetivo evaluar la concordancia dosimétrica entre el procedimiento de exploración con ¹⁶⁶Ho y la terapia con ¹⁶⁶Ho, así como correlacionar la dosis absorbida por el tumor con la respuesta al tratamiento, tanto a nivel tumoral como del paciente.

Métodos

Se incluyeron pacientes con carcinoma hepatocelular en estadio A/B según la clasificación BCLC 2022 o con enfermedad hepática oligometastásica sometidos a TARE con ¹⁶⁶Ho. Se realizó dosimetría basada en vóxeles utilizando el software Q-suite. A los tres meses postratamiento se adquirió una tomografía computarizada con contraste. La respuesta terapéutica se evaluó de acuerdo con los criterios RECIST/mRECIST.

Resultados

Veinte pacientes se sometieron al procedimiento preterapéutico; dieciocho continuaron con la terapia. No se observaron diferencias significativas entre los procedimientos de exploración y de tratamiento en la dosis absorbida por el hígado completo (P = ,331) ni por el tumor (P = ,063), lo que indica una evaluación preterapéutica fiable. Catorce pacientes con dieciséis lesiones tratadas fueron incluidos en el análisis dosis-respuesta (volumen mediano: 22,1 [10,5–80,3] mL; dosis: 22,1 [10,5–80,3] Gy). La tasa de respuesta tumoral objetiva a los tres meses fue del 94%. Sin embargo, no se encontraron diferencias significativas en las métricas de dosis absorbida (P = ,315) ni en los valores de los histogramas dosis-volumen (D50, D70, D85) entre las lesiones respondedores y no respondedores (NR). El análisis a nivel de paciente mostró una tasa de progresión del 29%, siendo más frecuente la falta de respuesta en pacientes con tumores hepáticos secundarios (P = ,011).

Conclusión

Este estudio, que incluye una cohorte portuguesa tratada con TARE con ¹⁶⁶Ho, mostró una alta tasa de respuesta tumoral. No obstante, el tamaño limitado de la muestra reduce la solidez de las conclusiones. Se esperan nuevos datos procedentes del seguimiento en curso.

Palabras clave:
Radioembolización
Cáncer de hígado
Medicina nuclear
Dosimetría

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