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Enfermería Intensiva (English Edition) Moral distress in critical care nurses caring for patients undergoing ECMO: A cr...
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Vol. 36. Issue 2.
(April - June 2025)
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Vol. 36. Issue 2.
(April - June 2025)
Original article
Moral distress in critical care nurses caring for patients undergoing ECMO: A cross-sectional study
El sufrimiento moral en enfermeras de cuidados intensivos que atienden a pacientes sometidos a ECMO: un estudio transversal
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Elisangela da-Conceição-Jorgea, João Paulo-Vitorinob, Donna M-Wilsonc, Filipe Utuari-de-Andrade-Coelhod,
Corresponding author
filipeutuari@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
a Albert Einstein Israeli Faculty of Health Sciences, São Paulo, Brazil
b Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Critical Care Unit, São Paulo, Brazil
c Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
d University of São Paulo, Nursing School, São Paulo, Brazil
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Tables (3)
Table 1. Description of the demographic and professional characteristics of the nursing professionals providing direct care to patients undergoing ECMO.
Tables
Table 2. Description of the scores related to the frequency and intensity of each question in the MDSR as answered by the nurses.
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Table 3. Description of the mean scores for each question related to frequency and intensity, along with the mean MDI.
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Abstract
Background

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is commonly used now in cases of refractory cardiac and pulmonary failure. Moral distress among nurses is often present; nevertheless, the literature regarding this topic is scarce.

Objective

To identify the level of moral distress among nurses providing direct care to patients undergoing ECMO by applying the Moral Distress Scale Revised (MDSR).

Method

This is a cross-sectional study conducted in an Adult Intensive Care Unit (ICU) in Brazil, involving nurses providing direct care to patients undergoing ECMO. Data on nurse sociodemographic and professional characteristics were collected, along with MDSR data and Moral Distress Index (MDI).

Results

A total of 30 nurses were included, of whom 80.0% were female, with an age of 32 (27.7–38.2) years, professional experience time of 5 (3.0–11.2) years, duration of direct support care experience of 2.5 (1.4–4.0) years, and 83.3% had completed an institutional ECMO course. The questions in the MDRS with the highest mean scores which indicate moral distress were 3 (8.57±4.83), 6 (7.20±4.73), 16 (6.10±6.13), 2 (5.87±4.39) and 7 (5.77±4.26), with these collectively resulting in a mean MDI of 70.7±48.02, indicating a significant intensity and frequency of moral distress experienced by the research participants.

Conclusion

Moral distress for nursing professionals caring for ECMO patients appears to be linked to the need for ongoing questioning, discussions, and reflections among the working teams. The greatest intensity and frequency of moral distress were attributed to adhering to the family's wishes to sustain life even when it might not be in the best interest of the patient. The study highlights the importance of developing educational programs to identify and mitigate the presence of moral distress and its triggering factors in critical care teams, aiming to reduce its impact over time.

Keywords:
Descriptors
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Morale
Intensive care units
Psychological distress
Nursing
Resumen
Antecedentes

La oxigenación por membrana extracorpórea (ECMO) se usa comúnmente en casos de insuficiencia cardíaca y pulmonar refractaria. El sufrimiento moral entre las enfermeras está presente; sin embargo, la literatura sobre este tema es escasa.

Objetivo

Identificar el nivel de sufrimiento moral entre las enfermeras que brindan atención directa a pacientes con ECMO aplicando la escala revisada de sufrimiento moral (MDSR).

Método

Estudio transversal en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) de adultos en Brasil, que involucra a enfermeras que brindan atención directa a pacientes con ECMO. Se recopilaron datos sociodemográficos y profesionales de las enfermeras, junto con los datos de la MDSR y el índice de angustia moral (IAM).

Resultados

Se incluyó a un total de 30 enfermeras, de las cuales el 80,0% eran mujeres, con una edad media de 32 (27,7-38,2) años, tiempo de experiencia profesional de 5 (3,0-11,2) años, una duración media de experiencia en atención directa de 2,5 (1,4-4,0) años, y el 83,3% había completado un curso institucional de ECMO. Las preguntas en la MDSR con las puntuaciones medias más altas, que indican sufrimiento moral, fueron 3 (8,57±4,83), 6 (7,20±4,73), 16 (6,10±6,13), 2 (5,87±4,39) y 7 (5,77±4,26), lo que resultó colectivamente en un MDI medio de 70,7±48,02, indicando una intensidad y frecuencia significativa de sufrimiento moral experimentado por los participantes de la investigación.

Conclusión

El sufrimiento moral de los profesionales de enfermería que cuidan a pacientes con ECMO está vinculado a la necesidad de cuestionamientos, discusiones y reflexiones continuas entre los equipos de trabajo. El estudio destaca la importancia de desarrollar programas educativos para identificar y mitigar la presencia de sufrimiento moral y sus factores desencadenantes en los equipos de cuidados críticos, con el objetivo de reducir su impacto a lo largo del tiempo.

Palabras clave:
Descritores
Oxigenación por membrana extracorpórea
Moral
Unidades de cuidados intensivos
Distrés psicológico
Enfermería

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