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Enfermería Intensiva (English Edition) Incidence of unscheduled removal of invasive devices in patients with COVID-19 i...
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37
Vol. 36. Issue 2.
(April - June 2025)
Original article
Incidence of unscheduled removal of invasive devices in patients with COVID-19 in intensive care
Incidencia de retirada no programada de dispositivos invasivos en enfermos con COVID-19 en cuidados intensivos
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Susana Arias-Riveraa, Raquel Jareño-Colladob, María del Mar Sánchez-Sánchezb,
Corresponding author
marwestpot@yahoo.es

Corresponding author.
, Fernando Frutos-Vivarb
a Investigación de Enfermería, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Getafe, Madrid, Spain
b Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Getafe, Madrid, Spain
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Figures (1)
Tables (4)
Table 1. Characteristics of patients included in the 5 prevalence cuts.
Tables
Table 2. Pain and sedation/agitation levels in the period 2020.
Tables
Table 3. Comparison of rates of use of each device per 100 stays and per 100 admissions.
Tables
Table 4. Days of use and comparison of the rate of unscheduled removals per 1000 days of device use.
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Abstract
Introduction

The rate of unscheduled removal of invasive devices (ID) is an indicator of quality programmes in the critically ill. Our research group performed prevalence analyses since 2010 and another during the pandemic. The aim was to analyse the rates of use and non-planed removal of endotracheal tubes, catheters (central venous and arterial) and enteral catheters in the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic comparing them with previous rates.

Methodology

Prevalence study in a polyvalente ICU. After 4 prospective observational analyses (2010, 2011, 2018, 2019) a retrospective analysis was performed (8 March–8 May 2020). Variables: diagnosis, stay and reason for removal of ID (endotracheal tubes (ET), central venous catheters, arterial catheters and enteral catheters) and rate of reintubation after self-removal of ET. Variables analysed and described as accidental removal rates per 1000 device-days and rates of ID use.

Results

2026 patients were included (631 in 2010, 724 in 2011, 210 in 2018, 361 in 2019 and 100 in 2020). Significant differences, between all periods, in diagnoses (p < 0.001), ICU stay (p < 0.001) and mortality (p = 0.016) and, between 2020 and all other periods, in rates of use per 100 days-stay (p < 0.010) and per 100 admissions (p < 0.001) in all devices except arterial catheter. In 2020, there was an increase in ET obstruction (36.0%; rate 20.27 per 1000 intubation-days, p < 0.010), decrease in ET self-removals (2020 rate: 0.00 per 1000 intubation-days; p < 0.050) and enteral catheters (14.33 per 1000 catheter-days). Overall reintubation (all periods) after self-extubation: 12.5%.

Conclusions

The rate of devices self-removal in COVID-19 patients in the first wave of the pandemic was lower than that observed in the previous four periods. The high incidence rate of ET obstruction in these patients was significant and relevant.

Keywords:
Prevalence
Critical illness
COVID-19
Adverse event
Healthcare quality assessment
Central venous catheterization
Airway Extubation
Resumen
Introducción

La tasa de retirada no programada de dispositivos invasivos (DI) es un indicador de los programas de calidad del enfermo crítico. Nuestro grupo de investigación realizó cortes de prevalencia desde 2010 y realizó otro corte durante la pandemia. El objetivo fue analizar las tasas de uso y de retirada no programada de tubos endotraqueales, catéteres (venoso central y arterial) y sondas enterales en la primera ola de la pandemia de COVID-19 comparándolas con las tasas previas.

Metodología

Estudio de prevalencia en una UCI polivalente. Tras 4 cortes observacionales prospectivos (2010, 2011, 2018, 2019) se realizó un corte retrospectivo (8 marzo-8 mayo 2020). Variables: diagnóstico, permanencia y motivo de retirada de DI (tubos endotraqueales(TE), catéteres venosos centrales, catéteres arteriales y sondas enterales) y tasa de reintubación tras autorretirada del TE. Analizadas variables y descritas como tasas de retirada accidental por 1000 días-dispositivo y tasas de uso de DI.

Resultados

Se incluyen 2026 pacientes (631 en 2010, 724 en 2011, 210 en 2018, 361 en 2019 y 100 en 2020). Diferencias significativas, entre los periodos, en diagnósticos (p < 0,001), estancia en UCI (p < 0,001) y mortalidad (p = 0,016) y, entre 2020 y resto de periodos, en tasas de uso por 100 días-estancia (p < 0,010) y por 100 ingresos (p < 0,001) en todos los dispositivos, salvo en catéter arterial. En 2020, hubo un aumento de obstrucción de TE (36,0%; tasa 20,27 por 1000-dias intubación, p < 0,010), disminución de autorretiradas de TE (tasa 2020: 0,00 por 1000 días-intubación; p < 0,050) y de sondas enterales (14,33 por 1000 días-sondaje). Reintubación global (todos los periodos) tras autoextubación: 12,5%.

Conclusiones

La tasa de autorretirada de dispositivos en enfermos COVID-19, en la primera ola de la pandemia, fue inferior a la observada en los cuatro períodos previos. Fue significativa y relevante la alta tasa de incidencia de obstrucción del TE en estos enfermos.

Palabras clave:
Prevalencia
Enfermedad crítica
COVID-19
Evento adverso
Garantía de la calidad de atención de salud
Cateterismo venoso central
Extubación traqueal

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