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Cirugía Española (English Edition) Multidisciplinary management of perianal fistula in Crohn’s disease: Protocol ...
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Vol. 103. Issue 11.
(November 2025)
Original article
Multidisciplinary management of perianal fistula in Crohn’s disease: Protocol implementation and its clinical and quality of life outcomes
Implementación y resultados de un protocolo multidisciplinar para el manejo de la fístula perianal en la enfermedad de Crohn: impacto clínico y en la calidad de vida
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Natalia González Alcoleaa,
Corresponding author
natalia.gonzaleza@uam.es

Corresponding author.
, M. Dolores Martín Arranzb, Blanca Monje Veraa, Mario Álvarez Gallegoa, Jesús Díez Sebastiánc, Isabel Pascual Miguelañeza
a Servicio de Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
b Servicio de Gastroenterología, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
c Servicio de Medicina Preventiva, Sección de Epidemiología Clínica, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
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Table 1. Summary of population characteristics included in the protocol.
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Table 2. Main outcomes after protocol implementation.
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Table 3. Analysis of possible factors relating to quality of life measured using the IBDQ-9 after completion of the protocol.
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Abstract
Introduction

Perianal fistula is a common and disabling complication of Crohn’s disease, with a significant impact on patients’ quality of life. Although structured protocols exist in some centres, no universally accepted management guideline is currently available. In this context, we developed and implemented a protocol in our centre aimed at reducing suppuration, preserving continence, and improving quality of life.

Methods

A single-centre prospective study was conducted, including 38 patients treated at La Paz University Hospital between January 2020 and January 2022. The protocol combined surgical drainage, seton placement, and biological therapy for at least one year. Indications for curative surgery were based on clinical and radiological criteria. Clinical outcomes, continence (Wexner score), perianal disease activity (Perianal Disease Activity Index [PDAI]), and quality of life (Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire-9 [IBDQ-9], and a specific 20-item questionnaire) were assessed.

Results

Curative surgery was performed in 55.2% of patients, with a clinical recurrence rate of 31.6%, and no worsening of continence. The IBDQ-9 score was significantly improved (from 59 to 65.4; P < .001). The disease-specific questionnaire revealed a significant impact on social, occupational, emotional, and sexual aspects, particularly among women. Fear of chronic seton use and incontinence was common, and symptomatic control more closely associated with better quality of life than complete fistula healing.

Conclusions

Implementation of the protocol led to improved quality of life. We emphasise the importance of incorporating disease-specific patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) and adopting a comprehensive perspective, including the patient’s experience as a core component of the therapeutic process.

Keywords:
Perianal Crohn’s disease
Quality of life
IBDQ
Resumen
Introducción

La fístula perianal es una complicación frecuente y discapacitante de la enfermedad de Crohn, con un impacto significativo en la calidad de vida. Aunque existen protocolos estructurados en algunos centros, no hay una guía de manejo universalmente aceptada. En este contexto, desarrollamos e implementamos un protocolo orientado a reducir la supuración, preservar la continencia y mejorar la calidad de vida.

Métodos

Se realizó un estudio prospectivo unicéntrico con 38 pacientes tratados en el Hospital Universitario La Paz entre enero de 2020 y enero de 2022. El protocolo combinó drenaje quirúrgico, colocación de setones y tratamiento biológico durante al menos un año. La indicación de cirugía curativa se basó en criterios clínicos y radiológicos. Se evaluaron resultados clínicos, continencia (Wexner), actividad perianal (Perianal Disease Activity Index [PDAI]), y calidad de vida (Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire-9 [IBDQ-9], y una encuesta específica de 20 ítems).

Resultados

Un 55,2% de los pacientes fueron intervenidos con intención curativa, con una tasa de recurrencia del 31,6 % sin empeoramiento de la continencia. El IBDQ-9 mejoró significativamente (de 59 a 65,4; P < ,001). La encuesta reveló un impacto relevante en la esfera social, laboral, emocional y sexual, especialmente en mujeres. El miedo al setón crónico y a la incontinencia fueron frecuentes, y el control sintomático se asoció más estrechamente a la mejor calidad de vida que la curación completa.

Conclusiones

La implementación del protocolo permitió mejorar la calidad de vida. Consideramos fundamental incorporar Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROM) específicos y abordar la enfermedad de forma integral,incluyendo la experiencia del paciente como parte del proceso terapéutico.

Palabras clave:
Fístula perianal asociada a Crohn
Calidad de vida
IBDQ
Graphical abstract

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