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Cirugía Española (English Edition) “Current Use and Clinical Applications of Intraoperative Radiotherapy in Soft ...
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Special article
Available online 21 November 2025
“Current Use and Clinical Applications of Intraoperative Radiotherapy in Soft Tissue Sarcomas: Insights from a National Survey in Spain”
“Uso actual y aplicaciones clínicas de la Radioterapia Intraoperatoria en sarcomas de partes blandas: resultados de una encuesta nacional en España”
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Paula Muñoz-Muñoza,
Corresponding author
, Irene López-Rojob, Amaia Ilundain-Idoatec, Pedro Bretcha-Boixd, Rosa M. Cañone, Felipe A. Calvof, Jose Manuel Asencio-Pascualg
a Cirugía General y Digestiva, Plataforma de Oncología, Hospital Quirónsalud Torrevieja, 03184 Torrevieja, Spain
b Cirugía General y Digestiva, MD Anderson Cancer Center Madrid, 28033 Madrid, Spain
c Oncología Radioterápica, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, 39008, Santander, Spain
d Cirugía General y Digestiva, Plataforma de Oncología, Hospital Quirónsalud Torrevieja, 03184 Torrevieja, Spain
e Oncología Radioterápica, Plataforma de Oncología, Hospital Quirónsalud Torrevieja, 03184 Torrevieja, Spain
f Oncología Radioterápica, Departamento de Oncología, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 28027 Madrid, Spain
g Cirugía Hepatobiliar, Unidad de Trasplante y Cirugía de Sarcoma, Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain
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Tables (4)
Table 1. Results of major IORT studies and series in retroperitoneal sarcomas.
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Table 2. Local control and survival rates in STS patients analyzed and reported in the ESTRO/ACROP guidelines9 and IOERT dose (period 1982-2020).
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Table 3. 11 Spanish hospitals where IORT is applied for STS treatment (IOeRT electrons with Liac accelerator or Mobetron 81.8%, IORT with Intrabeam photons or Xoft-Axxent 18.2%).
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Table 4. Summary of results of the national survey for sarcoma surgeons about the use of IORT in sarcoma surgery in Spain.
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Abstract

Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) require a multidisciplinary approach that balances oncologic control with functional preservation. Adjuvant external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) improves local control but is often limited by its toxicity. Intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) allows for precise delivery of a single high dose during surgery, minimizing radiation exposure to adjacent tissues. This study reviews the role of IORT to treat sarcoma in the extremities and retroperitoneum, while also evaluating current clinical applications, prognosis and usage trends in Spain, based on a national survey that collected responses from all centers currently using IORT. IORT is employed in STS treatment in 11 Spanish hospitals (mostly electron-based systems), but the volume of patients treated is very low (63.6% use IORT in ≤10 cases per year). Despite favorable local control rates and reduced morbidity, access to IORT remains inconsistent at sarcoma referral centers. Broader integration and standardized protocols are needed, alongside future prospective studies on neoadjuvant EBRT and IORT.

Keywords:
Soft tissue sarcoma
Retroperitoneal sarcomas
IORT
IOeRT
Local recurrence
FASH RT
Sarcoma surgery
Abbreviations:
STS
RT
EBRT
IORT
IOeRT
HDR-IORT
Low KV-IORT
Gy
ESTRO
RPS
ARFS
OS
FLASH RT
Resumen

Los sarcomas de partes blandas (SPB) requieren un enfoque multidisciplinar que combine control oncológico y preservación funcional. Aunque la radioterapia externa (EBRT) mejora el control local, su uso puede verse limitado por la toxicidad. La radioterapia intraoperatoria (RIO) ofrece una alternativa al permitir administrar una dosis única alta de forma precisa durante la cirugía, reduciendo la exposición de tejidos sanos. Este estudio revisa el papel de la RIO en el tratamiento y pronóstico de los SPB, y analiza su uso en España mediante una encuesta nacional a cirujanos que la emplean. Actualmente la RIO se utiliza en once hospitales españoles, pero con una baja frecuencia: el 63,6% de los centros la aplican en un máximo de 10 casos al año. A pesar de su eficacia y menor morbilidad, el acceso sigue siendo limitado en centros de referencia. Se requieren mejoras en la disponibilidad, protocolos estandarizados y estudios prospectivos sobre la combinación con EBRT neoadyuvante

Palabras clave:
Sarcomas de partes blandas
Sarcoma retroperitoneal
RIO
IOeRT
Recurrencia local
FLASH RT
Cirugía de sarcoma
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