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Acta Otorrinolaringológica Española Management of orbital complications of acute rhinosinusitis: A 13-year experienc...
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Vol. 76. Issue 5.
(September - October 2025)
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Vol. 76. Issue 5.
(September - October 2025)
Original article
Management of orbital complications of acute rhinosinusitis: A 13-year experience
Manejo de complicaciones orbitarias de rinosinusitis aguda: nuestra experiencia durante 13 años
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Monica Rueda Vegaa,
Corresponding author
mruedavega@sescam.jccm.es

Corresponding author.
, M Montserrat Asensi Diazc, María C Scola Torresc, Carolina López Granadosb, Mónica Hernandoc, Juan Antonio Pasamontesc
a Hospital Universitario de Toledo, ENT-Head and Neck Surgery Department, Toledo, Spain
b Hospital Universitario Santa Elena, ENT-Head and Neck Surgery Department, Valdemoro, Madrid, Spain
c Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, ENT-Head and Neck Surgery Department, Madrid, Spain
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Tables (5)
Table 1. Patients’ characteristics: demographic data, clinical and radiological signs.
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Table 2. Microbiological isolation.
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Table 3. Therapeutic management: antibiotic treatment, adjuvant therapy, surgery and hospitalization time.
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Table 4. Associated complications: postoperative complications, intracranial or concomitant bone complications.
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Table 5. Significant associations of the univariant analysis of surgical intervention with demographic, clinical, analytical, radiological, and treatment variables in our sample.
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Abstract
Introduction

After the development of antibiotics and early diagnostic methods, the complications of acute rhinosinusitis (ARS) have reduced in recent years. However, in clinical practice, we still observe both orbital and intracranial complications.

The aim of this study is to describe a series of patients with complications of ARS and to define what clinical and radiological characteristics may indicate the need of surgical treatment.

Materials

Retrospective observational study of patients diagnosed with orbital complications secondary to ARS who were hospitalized at a tertiary hospital between 2010 and 2023. Demographic, clinical, radiological, microbiological data, therapeutic strategy and hospitalization time were studied.

Results

Fifty-six patients were included (59% male), with a mean age of 11.5 years (37 under 18 years old). The most frequent symptoms were eyelid edema (98%) and erythema (89%), proptosis (46%) and fever (50%). According to Chandler’s classification, the most frequent complications were subperiosteal abscesses (46%) and orbital cellulitis (23%). There were six cases of orbital abscesses and one cavernous sinus thrombosis. The most frequently used antibiotic was amoxicillin + clavulanic acid (54%). Surgical intervention was necessary in 26 patients (46%).

Conclusion

Orbital complications of ARS are rare, but they can have potentially vision-threatening and life-threatening complications. Therefore, it is essential to consider them in the differential diagnosis, and in case of suspicion, initiate antibiotic treatment as soon as possible, with or without surgical drainage. Endoscopic surgery is the preferred approach, but it may be necessary to combine it with external drainage, especially in lateral locations or on the orbital roof.

Keywords:
Endoscopic sinus surgery
Subperiosteal abscesses
Orbital complication
Acute rhinosinusitis
Orbital cellulitis
Cavernous sinus thrombosis
Resumen
Introducción

Tras el desarrollo de los antibióticos y los métodos de diagnóstico temprano, las complicaciones de la rinosinusitis aguda (RSA) han disminuido en los últimos años. Sin embargo, en la práctica clínica, aún observamos complicaciones tanto orbitarias como intracraneales.

El objetivo de este estudio es describir una serie de pacientes con complicaciones de la RSA y definir qué características clínicas y radiológicas pueden indicar la necesidad de tratamiento quirúrgico.

Materiales

Estudio observacional retrospectivo de pacientes diagnosticados con complicaciones orbitarias secundarias a la RSA que fueron hospitalizados en un hospital terciario entre 2010 y 2023. Se estudiaron datos demográficos, clínicos, radiológicos, microbiológicos, estrategia terapéutica y tiempo de hospitalización.

Resultados

Se incluyeron 56 pacientes (59% hombres), con una edad media de 11.5 años (37 menores de 18 años). Los síntomas más frecuentes fueron edema palpebral (98%) y eritema (89%), proptosis (46%) y fiebre (50%). Según la clasificación de Chandler, las complicaciones más frecuentes fueron los abscesos subperiósticos (46%) y la celulitis orbitaria (23%). Hubo seis casos de abscesos orbitarios y un caso de trombosis del seno cavernoso. El antibiótico más utilizado fue amoxicilina + ácido clavulánico (54%). En 26 pacientes (46%) fue necesaria una intervención quirúrgica.

Conclusión

Las complicaciones orbitarias de la RSA son raras, pero pueden comprometer la visión e incluso poner en riesgo la vida del paciente. Por ello, es fundamental considerarlas en el diagnóstico diferencial y, en caso de sospecha, iniciar tratamiento antibiótico lo antes posible, con o sin drenaje quirúrgico. La cirugía endoscópica es el enfoque preferido, aunque puede ser necesario combinarla con drenaje externo, especialmente en localizaciones laterales o en el techo de la órbita.

Palabras clave:
Cirugía endoscópica nasal
Absceso subperióstico
Complicación orbitaria
Rinosinusitis aguda
Celulitis orbitaria
Trombosis del seno cavernoso

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