metricas
covid
Gastroenterología y Hepatología (English Edition) Exploring infliximab serum level variability in inflammatory bowel disease: Comp...
Journal Information
Vol. 48. Issue 10.
(December 2025)
Share
Download PDF
More article options
Vol. 48. Issue 10.
(December 2025)
Original article
Exploring infliximab serum level variability in inflammatory bowel disease: Comprehensive analysis of patient subgroups and treatment outcomes
Exploración de la variabilidad en las concentraciones séricas de infliximab en la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal: análisis integral de subgrupos de pacientes y resultados del tratamiento
Carles Iniesta-Navalóna,b,c,
Corresponding author
carles.iniesta@um.es

Corresponding author.
, Lorena Rentero-Redondoa,b, Rosa Gómez-Espínb,d, Manuel Ríos Saorína,b, Isabel Nicolás de Pradob,d, Juan José Gascón-Cánovase
a Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Reina Sofia Hospital of Murcia, Spain
b Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Applied Pharmacotherapy Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Pascual Parrilla), Spain
c Department of Pharmacology School of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
d Department of Gastroenterology, Reina Sofia Hospital of Murcia, Spain
e Department of Public Health, University of Murcia, Spain
Article information
Abstract
Full Text
Bibliography
Download PDF
Statistics
Figures (2)
Tables (3)
Table 1. Distribution of clusters and baseline variables in the study population.
Tables
Table 2. Associations of variables related to TDM methods and IFX discontinuation in identified groups influencing ITL trajectories.
Tables
Table 3. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis of factors associated with IFX discontinuation.
Tables
Show moreShow less
Additional material (1)
Abstract
Background and aims

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) features diverse clinical presentations and progressions, impacting IFX exposure. Understanding IFX serum concentration changes is crucial for tailored monitoring in specific patient groups. The main objective of this study was to analyze ITL trajectories in patients with IBD to identify distinct groups and subgroups, revealing heterogeneity in treatment responses.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was conducted involving IBD patients treated with infliximab in a regional reference hospital in Spain. Latent class linear mixed models were applied to identify subgroups based on serum infliximab measurements over time. To analyze the factors associated with IFX discontinuation, we employed both logistic regression and Cox regression models.

Results

The study included 165 IBD patients, and a total of 799 ITL samples were analyzed. The selected model included three clusters, with a random intercept and a random effect on both time and natural cubic spline time in the linear mixed model. Cluster 1 (20.6%) had lower IFX exposure, with 93.9% experiencing treatment discontinuation, compared to 45.1% in Cluster 2 (43.0%) and 43.3% in Cluster 3 (36.4%) (p<0.001). Treatment discontinuation was observed in 91 individuals (55.2%) out of the total patients. In the multivariate analysis, the presence of cluster 1 was a significant predictor (OR: 7.25, 95% CI: 1.45–36.12). Bayesian dose adjustment was found to significantly reduce the risk of IFX discontinuation (OR: 0.19, 95% CI: 0.46–1.96).

Conclusions

The lack of TDM during induction and a lower proportion of adjustments made through Bayesian methods were associated with a subgroup demonstrating suboptimal pharmacokinetic profiles and reduced drug persistence. These findings highlight the clinical relevance of model-informed TDM in optimizing IFX exposure and minimizing treatment discontinuation in IBD.

Keywords:
Infliximab
Inflammatory bowel disease
Pharmacokinetics
Latent class mixed model
Treatment failure
Resumen
Antecedentes y objetivos

La enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal (EII) presenta una gran heterogeneidad en su manifestación clínica y evolución, lo que impacta en la exposición a infliximab (IFX). Comprender la variabilidad en las concentraciones séricas de IFX es fundamental para una monitorización personalizada en subgrupos específicos de pacientes. El objetivo principal de este estudio fue analizar las trayectorias de concentraciones séricas de IFX en pacientes con EII, identificando distintos grupos y subgrupos que reflejen la heterogeneidad en la respuesta al tratamiento.

Métodos

Se realizó un estudio de cohorte retrospectivo en pacientes con EII tratados con infliximab en un hospital de referencia en España. Se aplicaron modelos mixtos lineales de clases latentes para identificar subgrupos basados en las concentraciones séricas de infliximab a lo largo del tiempo. Para evaluar los factores asociados con la discontinuación de IFX, se emplearon modelos de regresión logística y de Cox.

Resultados

Se incluyeron 165 pacientes con EII, con un total de 799 muestras de concentraciones séricas de IFX analizadas. El modelo seleccionado identificó tres clústeres, con un intercepto aleatorio y un efecto aleatorio en el tiempo y en la función spline cúbica natural en el modelo mixto lineal. El Clúster 1 (20,6%) presentó una menor exposición a IFX, con un 93,9% de fracaso terapéutico, en comparación con el 45,1% en el Clúster 2 (43,0%) y el 43,3% en el Clúster 3 (36,4%) (p<0,001). En total, 91 pacientes (55,2%) experimentaron fracaso terapéutico. En el análisis multivariante, la pertenencia al Clúster 1 fue un predictor significativo (OR: 7,25; IC 95%: 1,45-36,12). El ajuste de dosis mediante un método bayesiano redujo significativamente el riesgo de discontinuación de IFX (OR: 0,19; IC 95%: 0,46-1,96).

Conclusiones

La ausencia de monitorización terapéutica de fármacos durante la inducción y un menor uso de ajustes de dosis mediante métodos bayesianos se asociaron con un subgrupo de pacientes con perfiles farmacocinéticos subóptimos y menor persistencia al tratamiento.

Palabras clave:
Infliximab
Enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal
Farmacocinética
Modelo mixto de clases latentes
Fracaso terapéutico

Article

These are the options to access the full texts of the publication Gastroenterología y Hepatología (English Edition)
Subscriber
Subscriber

If you already have your login data, please click here .

If you have forgotten your password you can you can recover it by clicking here and selecting the option “I have forgotten my password”
Subscribe
Subscribe to

Gastroenterología y Hepatología (English Edition)

Purchase
Purchase article

Purchasing article the PDF version will be downloaded

Purchase now
Contact
Phone for subscriptions and reporting of errors
From Monday to Friday from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. (GMT + 1) except for the months of July and August which will be from 9 a.m. to 3 p.m.
Calls from Spain
932 415 960
Calls from outside Spain
+34 932 415 960
E-mail
Article options
Tools
Supplemental materials