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Cirugía Española (English Edition) Evaluation of textbook outcome in liver transplantation
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Original article
Available online 25 November 2025
Evaluation of textbook outcome in liver transplantation
Evaluación del textbook outcome en trasplante hepático
Esther Brea Gómeza,
Corresponding author
estherbre@hotmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Pablo Dabán Lópezb, Ana Belén Vico Ariasa, Antonio Palomeque Jiméneza, Natalia Zambudio Carrolla, María Trinidad Villegas Herreraa, Jesús María Villar del Morala,c,d, Mario Serradilla Martína,c,d
a Servicio de Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
b Servicio de Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Clínico Universitario San Cecilio, Granada, Spain
c Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
d Departamento de Cirugía y sus Especialidades, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Spain
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Tables (3)
Table 1. Clinical and demographic characteristics of patients in the initial cohort and classified by subgroups according to achievement of general and specific textbook outcome.
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Table 2. Logistic regression analysis of the characteristics associated to a textbook outcome.
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Table 3. Results of the various series published on textbook outcome in liver transplant.
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Abstract
Introduction

The textbook outcome (TO) is a qualitative measurement tool for surgical procedures that has been tested in a multitude of cases. Liver transplantation (LT) is one of the most complex interventions in our specialty. In this study, we evaluate the achievement of TO in patients undergoing LT. We also propose a definition of specific TO for LT surgery.

Materials and methods

A single-centre retrospective study was conducted between May 2012 and December 2022. Patients whose data were incomplete in the database, patients with retransplantation, transplants for acute liver failure, intraoperative findings of portal vein thrombosis, and patients who received a donor graft after circulatory death were excluded. TO was defined as the absence of mortality and major complications in the first 90 days after surgery, absence of readmission in the first 30 days, and a hospital stay not prolonged > p75.

Results

A total of 132 patients were included. More than half achieved TO (56.8%). Prolonged hospital stay was the variable that most limited the achievement of TO (25% of patients). Pre-transplant hypertension in the recipient and prolonged cold ischaemia time were associated with a lower rate of TO. Survival was higher in the group that achieved TO, although statistical significance could not be demonstrated.

Conclusions

TO is a valuable measure for assessing LT. A universal definition of TO for LT will be necessary given the lack of consensus on the criteria used among the different series published to date.

Keywords:
Liver transplantation
Textbook outcome
Morbidity
Mortality
Outcomes
Resumen
Introducción

El textbook outcome (TO) es una herramienta de medida cualitativa para procedimientos quirúrgicos ya probada en multitud de procedimientos. El trasplante hepático (TH) es una de las intervenciones más complejas en nuestra especialidad. En este trabajo evaluamos la consecución del TO en pacientes sometidos a TH. Proponemos, además, una definición de TO específica para la cirugía del TH.

Material y métodos

Estudio retrospectivo unicéntrico entre mayo de 2012 y diciembre de 2022. Se excluyeron los pacientes cuyos datos no estaban completos en la base de datos, pacientes con retrasplante, trasplantes por fallo hepático agudo, hallazgo intraoperatorio de trombosis portal y pacientes que recibieron un injerto de donante tras muerte circulatoria. Se definió TO como la ausencia de mortalidad y complicaciones mayores en los primeros 90 días tras la cirugía, ausencia de reingreso en los primeros 30 días y una estancia hospitalaria no prolongada > p75.

Resultados

Se incluyeron 132 pacientes. Más de la mitad alcanzaron TO (56,8%). La prolongación de la estancia hospitalaria fue la variable que más limitó conseguir TO (25% de los pacientes). La hipertensión arterial del receptor previa al trasplante y un tiempo de isquemia fría prolongado se asoció a una menor tasa de TO. La supervivencia fue mayor en el grupo que alcanzaba TO sin poder demostrar significación estadística.

Conclusiones

El TO es una medida útil para evaluar el TH. Será necesaria una definición universal de TO para TH dada la ausencia de consenso en los criterios empleados entre las diferentes series publicadas hasta el momento.

Palabras clave:
Trasplante hepático
Textbook outcome
Morbilidad
Mortalidad
Resultados
Graphical abstract

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