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Cirugía Española (English Edition) Analysis of predictors for complete tumor response after primary systemic therap...
Journal Information
Vol. 103. Issue 7.
(July 2025)
Original article
Analysis of predictors for complete tumor response after primary systemic therapy in breast cancer
Análisis de variables predictoras de respuesta tumoral completa tras la terapia sistémica primaria en el cáncer de mama
Sonia Martinez Alcaidea,
Corresponding author
soniacirugia@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Izaskun Balciscueta Coltella, Ricardo Bou Monterdeb, Maria Jose Enguix Sorianoa, Pedro Juan Gonzalez Nogueraa, Francisco Javier Del Pino Porresa
a Servicio de Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario de la Ribera, Alzira, Valencia, Spain
b Servicio de Medicina Preventiva, Hospital Universitario de la Ribera, Alzira, Valencia, Spain
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Tables (3)
Table 1. Univariate analysis of factors associated with absence or presence of residual tumor.
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Table 2. Multivariate analysis of factors associated with absence or presence of residual tumor.
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Table 3. Reduced multivariate analysis of factors associated with absence or presence of residual tumor.
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Abstract
Introduction

Primary systemic therapy in breast cancer is an effective tool for increasing pathological complete response prior to surgery and improving patient survival. The main objective of this study was to analyze the predictive variables for complete tumor response after neoadjuvant therapy.

Methods

Data from 146 breast cancer patients treated with primary systemic therapy at La Ribera Hospital between 2018 and 2022 were reviewed. Statistical methods were employed using SPSS 23 software to identify factors predicting tumor response to treatment.

Results

Among the patients analyzed, 22.6% presented complete response according to magnetic resonance imaging, and 31.5% showed no residual tumor in the surgical specimen. In the univariate analysis, variables associated with higher presence of residual tumor included lymphovascular invasion (P = 0; 95%CI: 2.361−45.390), luminal B subtype (P = .039; 95%CI: 1.028−5.826), and sentinel node involvement or positive axillary nodes in axillary lymphadenectomy (P = .031; 95%CI: 1.006−72.361). Conversely, tumors smaller than 2 cm (P = .002; 95%CI: 1.567−7.535) and the Her2+ subtype (P = .004; 95%CI: 0.086−0.667) were associated with a higher likelihood of no residual tumor. In the multivariate analysis, lymphovascular invasion was the only statistically significant factor associated with the presence of residual tumor (P = .021; 95%CI: 0.037−0.760).

Conclusions

Lymphovascular invasion was identified as a predictor of lack of response to neoadjuvant treatment. Additionally, the Her2+ subtype demonstrated the best response to preoperative therapy. These findings suggest that, to improve therapeutic outcomes, it is crucial to consider these variables when personalizing patient treatment.

Keywords:
Pathological response
Breast cancer
Neoadjuvant therapy
Resumen
Introducción

la terapia sistémica primaria en el cáncer de mama es una herramienta eficaz para aumentar la respuesta patológica completa antes de la intervención quirúrgica y la supervivencia del paciente. El objetivo principal del estudio fue analizar las variables predictoras de la respuesta tumoral completa tras la neoadyuvancia.

Material y métodos

Se revisaron los datos de 146 pacientes con cáncer de mama tratadas con terapia sistémica primaria en el Hospital de La Ribera entre 2018 y 2022. Se utilizaron métodos estadísticos, con el software SPSS 23, para identificar los factores que predicen la respuesta tumoral al tratamiento.

Resultados

de las pacientes analizadas, un 22,6% presentó respuesta completa por imagen de resonancia magnética, y un 31,5% no mostró tumor residual en la pieza quirúrgica. En el análisis univariante, se identificaron variables asociadas a mayor presencia de tumor residual, como la invasión linfovascular (p = 0; IC95%: 2,361−45,390), el subtipo Luminal B (p = 0,039; IC95%: 1,028−5,826) y la afectación de ganglios centinela o ganglios en la linfadenectomía axilar (p = 0,031; IC95%: 1,006–72,361). En cambio, el tamaño tumoral menor a 2 cm (p = 0,002; IC95%: 1,567−7,535) y el subtipo Her2+ (p = 0,004; IC95%: 0,086−0,667) estuvieron asociados con mayor probabilidad de ausencia de tumor residual. En el análisis multivariante, la invasión linfovascular fue el único factor estadísticamente significativo asociado a la presencia de tumor residual (p = 0,021; IC95%: 0,037−0,760).

Conclusiones

identificamos la invasión linfovascular como factor predictor de ausencia de respuesta al tratamiento neoadyuvante y podemos considerar que el subtipo Her2+ es el que mejor responde a la terapia previa a la cirugía. Estos hallazgos sugieren que, para mejorar los resultados terapéuticos, es fundamental considerar estas variables a la hora de personalizar el tratamiento de las pacientes.

Palabras clave:
Respuesta patológica
Cáncer de mama
Terapia neoadyuvante
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