metricas
covid
Buscar en
Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica
Toda la web
Inicio Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica Factores pronósticos de respuesta virológica en pacientes tratados con lopinav...
Información de la revista
Vol. 26. Núm. S16.
Lopinavir potenciado con ritonavir en monoterapia para el tratamiento del virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana
Páginas 27-33 (Diciembre 2008)
Compartir
Compartir
Descargar PDF
Más opciones de artículo
Vol. 26. Núm. S16.
Lopinavir potenciado con ritonavir en monoterapia para el tratamiento del virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana
Páginas 27-33 (Diciembre 2008)
Acceso a texto completo
Factores pronósticos de respuesta virológica en pacientes tratados con lopinavir potenciado con ritonavir en monoterapia
Prognostic factors of virological response in patients treated with lopinavir/ritonavir monotherapy
Visitas
1657
Ignacio Pérez Valero
Autor para correspondencia
ignacioperezvalero@gmail.com

Correspondencia: Servicio de Medicina Interna. Hospital Universitario La Paz. Paseo de la Castellana, 261. 28046 Madrid. España.
Servicio de Medicina Interna. Hospital Universitario la Paz. Madrid. España
Este artículo ha recibido
Información del artículo

En 9 ensayos clínicos se ha analizado si el uso de la monoterapia con lopinavir potenciado con ritonavir puede ser una alternativa válida al tratamiento antirretroviral triple. Cuatro de estos ensayos clínicos incluyeron un análisis de los factores de riesgo para fallo virológico. El estudio MONARK evaluó la monoterapia en pacientes naïve. El M03-613 evaluó la monoterapia tras un período de inducción con tratamiento triple. En el estudio de Sprinz et al y en los estudios OK se evaluó la monoterapia como mantenimiento de la supresión virológica. La eficacia de la monoterapia fue variable en función del escenario. En el escenario de inducción-mantenimiento los factores que se relacionaron con la aparición de fallo virológico fueron la adherencia subóptima y los valores de CD4 basales bajos. En el escenario de mantenimiento, fueron la adherencia subóptima, el nadir de CD4 y la hemoglobina baja. En pacientes naïve, el riesgo de fracaso aumentó en pacientes que no alcanzaron una carga viral menor de 400 copias/ml a las 4 semanas de iniciar el tratamiento y en los pacientes infectados por subtipos no-B (factor probablemente también relacionado con adherencia subóptima).

Palabras clave:
Lopinavir potenciado con ritonavir
Monoterapia
Factores de riesgo

Nine clinical trials have analyzed whether the use of lopinavir-ritonavir (LPV/r) monotherapy could be a valid alternative to triple antiretroviral therapy. Four of these clinical trials included an analysis of risk factors for virological failure. The MONARK study evaluated monotherapy in treatment-naïve patients. The M03-613 trial evaluated monotherapy after a period of induction therapy with triple combination antiretroviral therapy. The study by Sprinz et al and the OK studies evaluated monotherapy as maintenance of virological suppression. The efficacy of monotherapy varied according to the scenario. In the scenario of induction-maintenance, the factors related to virological failure were suboptimal adherence and low baseline CD4 counts. In the scenario of maintenance, the factors related to virological failure were suboptimal adherence, nadir CD4 count and low hemoglobin. In treatment-naïve patients, the risk of virological failure increased in patients who did not achieve a viral load of less than 400 copies/ml 4 weeks after initiating treatment and in those infected with non-B subtypes (a factor that was probably also related to suboptimal adherence).

Key words:
Lopinavir-ritonavir
Monotherapy
Risk factors
El Texto completo está disponible en PDF
Bibliografía
[1.]
Panel on Clinical Practices for the Treatment of HIV Infection. Guidelines for the use of antiretroviral agents in HIV-infected adults and adolescents. 2008. Disponible en: http://aidsinfo.nih.gov/contentfiles/Adult_Roster_Fin_Disc_2008.pdf
[2.]
F.J. Palella Jr, K.M. Delaney, A.C. Moorman, M.O. Loveless, J. Fuhrer, G.A. Satten, et al.
Declining morbidity and mortality among patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. HIV Outpatient Study Investigators.
N Engl J Med, 338 (1998), pp. 853-860
[3.]
S. Duran, M. Saves, B. Spire, V. Cailleton, A. Sobel, P. Carrieri, et al.
Failure to maintain long-term adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy: the role of lipodystrophy.
AIDS, 15 (2001), pp. 2441-2444
[4.]
V. Falco, D. Rodriguez, E. Ribera, E. Martínez, J.M. Miro, P. Domingo.
Severe nucleoside-associated lactic acidosis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients: report of 12 cases and review of the literature.
Clin Infect Dis, 34 (2002), pp. 838-846
[5.]
C. Kahlert, M. Hupfer, T. Wagels, D. Bueche, W. Fierz, U.A. Walkerv, et al.
Ritonavir boosted indinavir treatment as a simplified maintenance «mono»-therapy for HIV infection.
AIDS, 18 (2004), pp. 955-957
[6.]
P. Vernazza, S. Daneel, V. Schiffer, L. Decosterd, W. Fierz, T. Klimkait, et al.
The role of compartment penetration in PI-monotherapy: the Atazanavir-Ritonavir Monomaintenance (ATARITMO) Trial.
AIDS, 21 (2007), pp. 1309-1315
[7.]
S. Swindells, A.G. DiRienzo, T. Wilkin, C.V. Fletcher, D.M. Margolis, G.D. Thal, et al.
Regimen simplification to atazanavir-ritonavir alone as maintenance antiretroviral therapy after sustained virologic suppression.
JAMA, 296 (2006), pp. 806-814
[8.]
R.E. Campo, R. Lalanne, T.J. Tanner, D.T. Jayaweera, A.E. Rodriguez, L. Fontaine, et al.
Lopinavir/ritonavir maintenance monotherapy after successful viral suppression with standard highly active antiretroviral therapy in HIV-1-infected patients.
AIDS, 19 (2005), pp. 447-449
[9.]
J.R. Arribas, F. Pulido, R. Delgado, A. Lorenzo, P. Miralles, A. Arranz, et al.
Lopinavir/ritonavir as single-drug therapy for maintenance of HIV-1 viral suppression: 48-week results of a randomized, controlled, open-label, proof-of-concept pilot clinical trial (OK Study).
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 40 (2005), pp. 280-287
[10.]
F. Pulido, J.R. Arribas, R. Delgado, E. Cabrero, J. González-García, M.J. Pérez-Elias, et al.
Lopinavir-ritonavir monotherapy versus lopinavir-ritonavir and two nucleosides for maintenance therapy of HIV.
AIDS, 22 (2008), pp. F1-F9
[11.]
O. Karlstrom, F. Josephson, A. Sonnerborg.
Early virologic rebound in a pilot trial of ritonavir-boosted atazanavir as maintenance monotherapy.
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 44 (2007), pp. 417-422
[12.]
G. Pierone Jr, J. Mieras, D. Bulgin-Coleman, C. Kantor, J. Shearer, L. Fontaine, et al.
A pilot study of switch to lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) monotherapy from nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-based therapy.
HIV Clin Trials, 7 (2006), pp. 237-245
[13.]
F. Pulido, R. Delgado, I. Perez-Valero, J. González-García, P. Miralles, A. Arranz, et al.
Long-term (4 years) efficacy of lopinavir/ritonavir monotherapy for maintenance of HIV suppression.
J Antimicrob Chemother, 61 (2008), pp. 1359-1361
[14.]
Nunes E, Oliveira M, Almeida M, Pilotto JH, Ribeiro JE, Faulhaber JC, et al. 48-week efficacy and safety of simplification to single agent lopinavir/ritonavir regimen in patients suppressed below 80 copies/ml on HAART - the KALMO study. . In: XVI IAC. Toronto, Canada; 2006 [Abstract TUAB0103].
[15.]
D.W. Cameron, B.A. Da Silva, J.R. Arribas, R.A. Myers, N.C. Bellos, N. Gilmore, et al.
A 96-week comparison of lopinavir-ritonavir combination therapy followed by lopinavir-ritonavir monotherapy versus efavirenz combination therapy.
J Infect Dis, 198 (2008), pp. 234-240
[16.]
J.F. Delfraissy, P. Flandre, C. Delaugerre, J. Ghosn, A. Horban, P.M. Girard, et al.
Lopinavir/ritonavir monotherapy or plus zidovudine and lamivudine in antiretroviral-naive HIV-infected patients.
[17.]
Gathe J, Yeh R, Mayberry C, Nemecek J, Miguel B, Lipman BA, et al. Single agent therapy with lopinavir/ritonavir suppresses plasma HIV-1 viral replication in HIV-1 naïve subjects: IMANI-2 48-week results. In: 4th IAS Conference on HIV Pathogenesis, Treatment and Prevention. Sidney, Australia; July, 2007. Disponible en: http://hepatitisandhiv.net/2007icr/ias/pdf/IASGathe.pdf
[18.]
Nunes E, Oliveira M, Almeida M, Pilotto J, Ribeiro J, Faulhaber J, et al. 96-week efficacy and safety of simplification to single agent lopinavir/ritonavir regimen in patients suppressed below 80 copies/ml oh HAART - the KALMO study. In: 11th EACS. Madrid, Spain; October, 2007 [Abstract P7.5/04].
[19.]
E. Sprinz, M.B. Bay, R.K. Lazzaretti, M.W. Jeffman, V.S. Mattevi.
Lopinavir/ritonavir monotherapy as maintenance treatment in HIV-infected individuals with virological suppression: results from a pilot study in Brazil.
[20.]
M. Bongiovanni, T. Bini, F. Adorni, P. Meraviglia, A. Capetti, F. Tordato, et al.
Virological success of lopinavir/ritonavir salvage regimen is affected by an increasing number of lopinavir/ritonavir-related mutations.
Antivir Ther, 8 (2003), pp. 209-214
[21.]
A.G. Marcelin, D. Affolabi, C. Lamotte, H.A. Mohand, C. Delaugerre, M. Wirden, et al.
Resistance profiles observed in virological failures after 24 weeks of amprenavir/ritonavir containing regimen in protease inhibitor experienced patients.
J Med Virol, 74 (2004), pp. 16-20
[22.]
A. Molla, M. Korneyeva, Q. Gao, S. Vasavanonda, P.J. Schipper, H.M. Mo, et al.
Ordered accumulation of mutations in HIV protease confers resistance to ritonavir.
Nat Med, 2 (1996), pp. 760-766
[23.]
Cameron D, Silva B, Arribas J, Pulido F, Katner H, Wikstrom K, et al. Significant sparing of peripheral lipoatrophy by HIV treatment with LPV/r + ZDV/3TC induction followed by LPV/r monotherapy compared with EFV + ZDV/3TC. In: 14th CROI. Los Angeles - California [Abstract 44LB]; February, 2007.
[24.]
Pulido F, Arribas J, González-Garcia J, Lopez-Aldeguer J, Domingo P, Estrada V, et al. Risk Factors for Loss of Virological Suppression at 48 Weeks in Patients Receiving Lopinavir/Ritonavir Monotherapy in two Clinical Trials Comparing LPV/r Monotherapy vs Triple Therapy with LPV/r (OK and OK04 Trials). In: 14th CROI. Los Angeles, USA; February, 2007 [Abstract 513].
[25.]
P. Flandre, C. Delaugerre, J. Ghosn, M.L. Chaix, A. Horban, P.M. Girard, et al.
Prognostic Factors of Virological Success in Antiretroviral-naïve Patients Receiving LPV Monotherapy in the MONARK trial.
11th EACS, Madrid, (2007),
[26.]
R. Campo, B.A. Da Silva, L. Cotte, J. Gathe, B. Gazzard, C. Hicks, et al.
Predictors of Loss of Virologic Response in Subjects Who Deintensified to Lopinavir/ritonavir Monotherapy After Achieving Plasma HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/mL on Lopinavir/ritonavir Plus Zidovudine/lamivudine.
14th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (CROI), (2007),
[27.]
H. Knobel, J. Alonso, J.L. Casado, J. Callazos, J. González, I. Ruiz, et al.
Validation of a simplified medication adherence questionnaire in a large cohort of HIV-infected patients: the GEEMA Study.
AIDS, 16 (2002), pp. 605-613
[28.]
M. Wolbers, M. Opravil, V. Von Wyl, B. Hirschel, H. Furrer, M. Cavassini, et al.
Predictors of optimal viral suppression in patients switched to abacavir, lamivudine, and zidovudine: the Swiss HIV Cohort Study.
AIDS (London, England), 21 (2007), pp. 2201-2207
[29.]
U.B. Dragsted, A. Mocroft, S. Vella, J.P. Viard, A.E. Hansen, G. Panos, et al.
Predictors of immunological failure after initial response to highly active antiretroviral therapy in HIV-1-infected adults: a EuroSIDA study.
J Infect Diseases, 190 (2004), pp. 148-155
[30.]
Boffito M. Pharmacokinetics (PK) of atazanavir/ritonavir (ATV/r) once daily (OD) and lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) twice daily (BD) and OD over 72 hours following drug intake cessation. In: Eleventh European AIDS Conference. Madrid. Abstract LBPS 7/4; 2007.
[31.]
M.A. Wainberg, B. Clotet.
Review: immunologic response to protease inhibitor-based highly active antiretroviral therapy: a review.
AIDS Patient Care STDS, 21 (2007), pp. 609-620
[32.]
S. Shah, C.J. Smith, F. Lampe, M. Youle, M.A. Johnson, A.N. Phillips, et al.
Haemoglobin and albumin as markers of HIV disease progression in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era: relationships with gender.
[33.]
E.W. Nacoulma, Y. Some, H. Tieno, I. Diallo, A. Zoungrana, R. Bougnounou, et al.
Haematological parameters evolution during the antiretroviral therapy of HIV infected patients in Burkina-Faso.
Bull Soc Pathol Exot, 100 (2007), pp. 271-274
[34.]
J.D. Kowalska, A. Mocroft, A. Blaxhult, R. Colebunders, J. van Lunzen, D. Podlekareva, et al.
Current hemoglobin levels are more predictive of disease progression than hemoglobin measured at baseline in patients receiving antiretroviral treatment for HIV type 1 infection.
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 23 (2007), pp. 1183-1188
Copyright © 2008. Elsevier España S.L.. Todos los derechos reservados
Opciones de artículo
es en pt

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?

Você é um profissional de saúde habilitado a prescrever ou dispensar medicamentos