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Artículo de revisión
Revisión sistemática del tratamiento activo de la fístula urinaria después de la nefrectomía parcial
Systematic review on active treatment for urinary fistula after partial nephrectomy
R. Massouh Skorin
Autor para correspondencia
rnmassou@uc.cl

Autor para correspondencia.
, A. Mahfouz, P. Escovar la Riva
Hospital Clinico San Borja Arriaran, Santiago, Chile
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Por ello&#44; todos los ur&#243;logos que realicen nefrectom&#237;as parciales deben estar plenamente informados acerca de esta complicaci&#243;n&#46; La presente revisi&#243;n compara las alternativas de manejo activo en los pacientes con FU tras la NP&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">M&#233;todos</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Estrategia de b&#250;squeda</span><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La presente revisi&#243;n no tiene un protocolo registrado&#46; Se realiz&#243; una primera b&#250;squeda extensa en la base de datos electr&#243;nica MEDLINE&#44; hasta el dieciocho de marzo de 2020&#44; utilizando los siguientes t&#233;rminos MeSH y texto libre&#58; &#171;urine leak&#187;&#44; &#171;urinary leak&#187;&#44; &#171;urine leakage&#187; y &#171;urinary fistula&#187;&#44; cada uno de ellos combinado mediante el operador booleano AND con&#58; &#171;partial nephrectomy&#187;&#44; &#171;nephron sparing surgery&#187; y &#171;renal sparing surgery&#187;&#44; por separado&#46; Uno de los autores &#40;R&#46;M&#46;&#41; examin&#243; solo los art&#237;culos con res&#250;menes publicados en ingl&#233;s o espa&#241;ol&#46; De los que se consideraron elegibles seg&#250;n t&#237;tulo y resumen&#44; se ley&#243; detalladamente el texto completo&#44; considerando para el an&#225;lisis aquellos que cumpl&#237;an los criterios de inclusi&#243;n&#46; Se realiz&#243; una segunda b&#250;squeda basada en las referencias de los art&#237;culos relevantes y en los congresos de urolog&#237;a&#46; La b&#250;squeda se limit&#243; a los estudios publicados en las dos &#250;ltimas d&#233;cadas&#44; teniendo en cuenta el desarrollo progresivo de la tecnolog&#237;a quir&#250;rgica&#46; No hubo ninguna restricci&#243;n en cuanto al dise&#241;o del estudio&#44; ya que la naturaleza novedosa de estos enfoques terap&#233;uticos&#44; la baja incidencia de la FU despu&#233;s de la NP y el hecho de que la mayor&#237;a de ellas simplemente se curan con un tratamiento conservador<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;11&#44;26&#8211;28</span></a>&#44; hace que sea poco probable encontrar estudios con dise&#241;os de alta calidad&#46; No se realiz&#243; una evaluaci&#243;n de calidad porque no existe una herramienta de este tipo validada para el Informe de casos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0345"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a>&#46; El per&#237;odo de seguimiento no se consider&#243; un criterio de inclusi&#243;n-exclusi&#243;n&#44; sino un resultado secundario&#46; Esta revisi&#243;n sistem&#225;tica se realiz&#243; de acuerdo con las declaraciones PRISMA&#46; El enunciado de la pregunta utilizando el formato PICO fue el siguiente&#58; Paciente&#58; FU del tracto superior tras NP&#59; Intervenci&#243;n&#58; tratamiento activo&#59; Comparaci&#243;n&#58; entre alternativas de tratamiento activo&#59; Desenlace&#58; resoluci&#243;n de la f&#237;stula urinaria&#59; Ensayos&#58; no restringidos&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Selecci&#243;n de los estudios</span><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los criterios de inclusi&#243;n se definieron como&#58; pacientes mayores de 18 a&#241;os de cualquier sexo que se sometieron a una NP&#44; presentando posteriormente una FU nefrocut&#225;nea del tracto urinario superior que recibi&#243; tratamiento activo&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El tratamiento activo se defini&#243; como todas las intervenciones m&#225;s all&#225; del tratamiento conservador convencional&#44; excluyendo la reparaci&#243;n abierta de la f&#237;stula y la nefrectom&#237;a&#46; Seg&#250;n la bibliograf&#237;a&#44; el tratamiento conservador convencional se defini&#243; como<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;30</span></a>&#58; manipulaci&#243;n de drenajes&#44; colocaci&#243;n de un cat&#233;ter doble J&#44; inserci&#243;n de un <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">stent</span> ureteral&#44; inserci&#243;n de drenaje percut&#225;neo y nefrostom&#237;a&#46; Los criterios de exclusi&#243;n se definieron como&#58; infecci&#243;n renal cr&#243;nica&#44; malformaci&#243;n de la unidad renal&#44; paciente pedi&#225;trico&#44; ri&#241;&#243;n trasplantado&#44; FU distinta de la nefrocut&#225;nea<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0355"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31</span></a> &#40;nefroent&#233;rica&#44; nefrog&#225;strica&#44; vesicovaginal y otras&#41; o f&#237;stula nefrocut&#225;nea tras cirug&#237;as distintas de la NP&#44; como las descritas para la pieloplastia&#44; la pielolitotom&#237;a y similares<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0360"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">32&#8211;35</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Tambi&#233;n se excluyeron los estudios con intervenciones realizadas durante la cirug&#237;a primaria para prevenir complicaciones como la FU&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Extracci&#243;n de datos</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Para cada art&#237;culo incluido en la evaluaci&#243;n se recopilaron los siguientes datos&#58; apellido del primer autor&#44; a&#241;o de publicaci&#243;n&#44; dise&#241;o del estudio&#44; modalidad de intervenci&#243;n&#44; tiempo transcurrido desde la NP hasta el tratamiento activo&#44; n&#250;mero de casos tratados&#44; n&#250;mero de intervenciones necesarias para el &#233;xito y el per&#237;odo de seguimiento&#46; Los resultados de esta revisi&#243;n se definieron como&#58; Resultado primario&#58; 1&#41; Tasa de resoluci&#243;n de fugas&#44; 2&#41; Tiempo hasta la resoluci&#243;n de la fuga &#40;o periodo de curaci&#243;n&#41; y 3&#41; N&#250;mero de intervenciones necesarias para la resoluci&#243;n&#46; Los resultados secundarios&#58; 1&#41; Tiempo desde la NP hasta la estrategia de manejo activo y 2&#41; Duraci&#243;n del seguimiento&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">S&#237;ntesis de la evidencia</span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Caracter&#237;sticas de los art&#237;culos</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Se obtuvieron un total de 349 art&#237;culos a trav&#233;s de la b&#250;squeda <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">online&#44;</span> con 98 duplicados&#46; De los 251 restantes&#44; tras revisar los t&#237;tulos y los res&#250;menes se excluyeron 233 y se a&#241;adieron otros 5 art&#237;culos tras revisar las referencias que aparec&#237;an en los art&#237;culos de inter&#233;s y en los congresos de urolog&#237;a&#46; Finalmente&#44; un total de 23 estudios se consideraron potencialmente relevantes para nuestra revisi&#243;n&#46; De estos 23&#44; los autores &#40;R&#46;M&#46; y P&#46;E&#46;&#41; no pudieron analizar el texto completo de 2 de ellos debido al idioma &#40;uno en franc&#233;s y el otro en japon&#233;s&#41;&#44; pero aun as&#237; se incluyeron para su an&#225;lisis&#44; ya que los principales datos necesarios eran accesibles a trav&#233;s del resumen&#46; En la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">figura 1</a> se presenta un diagrama de flujo de la estrategia de b&#250;squeda&#46; Todas las caracter&#237;sticas clave de los art&#237;culos seleccionados se resumen en la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabla 1</a>&#46; De estos 23 estudios&#44; 21 eran art&#237;culos de casos cl&#237;nicos&#44; uno era un estudio cl&#237;nico retrospectivo y otro era un caso cl&#237;nico presentado en un congreso de urolog&#237;a&#46; Ning&#250;n estudio comparaba una t&#233;cnica con otra&#44; y no se encontr&#243; ning&#250;n ensayo controlado aleatorizado ni ninguna revisi&#243;n sistem&#225;tica sobre el tema&#46; Por lo tanto&#44; el riesgo de sesgo se acepta como alto debido al dise&#241;o de los estudios incluidos&#44; incluso sin necesidad de aplicar una herramienta de clasificaci&#243;n&#44; adem&#225;s de que no existe ninguna herramienta de este tipo validada para evaluar el riesgo de sesgo en los informes de casos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0345"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Hallazgos espec&#237;ficos</span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Resultados primarios y secundarios</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Se seleccionaron un total de 40 pacientes en 23 art&#237;culos&#44; y 16 art&#237;culos solo presentaron un caso&#46; La tasa de &#233;xito global fue del 97&#44;5&#37; &#40;39&#47;40&#41;&#46; Solo en 21 de los 40 pacientes se registraron claramente los d&#237;as transcurridos desde el inicio del tratamiento activo hasta la resoluci&#243;n de la fuga&#59; el tiempo medio fue de 11 d&#237;as y la mediana de 3 d&#237;as &#40;con un rango de 0 a 56 d&#237;as&#41;&#46; De los otros 19 pacientes&#44; uno fracas&#243; en el tratamiento y 10 pertenec&#237;an al mismo estudio<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0380"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">36</span></a> que no informaba con precisi&#243;n de este resultado&#59; para los otros 8 pacientes tambi&#233;n faltaban datos&#46; Quince art&#237;culos sobre 17 pacientes demostraron que solo era necesaria una intervenci&#243;n para lograr la resoluci&#243;n de la fuga&#44; pero el n&#250;mero medio global de intervenciones necesarias para el &#233;xito fue de 1&#44;4 por paciente&#46; En cuanto a los resultados secundarios&#44; el tiempo medio desde la NP hasta el tratamiento activo fue de 52&#44;04 d&#237;as&#44; con una mediana de 25 d&#237;as &#40;con un rango de 10 a 365 d&#237;as&#41;&#44; s&#243;lo se incluyeron los pacientes con un tiempo claramente establecido&#44; por lo que se excluyeron 15 pacientes de este indicador&#44; 10 de los cuales correspond&#237;an al mismo estudio mencionado anteriormente<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0380"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">36</span></a>&#46; Finalmente&#44; la media de seguimiento de los pacientes en los que se registr&#243; este resultado fue de 19 meses&#46; La <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabla 1</a> resume estos 23 art&#237;culos&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0120">Tipos de abordaje</span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0125">Percut&#225;neo</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En 12 estudios que inclu&#237;an un total de 23 pacientes<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0380"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">36&#8211;47</span></a> se utiliz&#243; un abordaje percut&#225;neo para la resoluci&#243;n de la f&#237;stula&#46; En 9 de ellos se utiliz&#243; el acceso percut&#225;neo para inyectar adhesivo de fibrina<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0390"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">38&#44;40&#44;42&#44;43</span></a> &#40;4 art&#237;culos y 4 pacientes&#41; o cianoacrilato<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0380"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">36&#44;37&#44;39&#44;41&#44;44</span></a> &#40;5 art&#237;culos y 14 pacientes&#41;&#46; Uno de ellos fue un estudio cl&#237;nico retrospectivo en el que se evaluaron 10 pacientes sometidos a inyecci&#243;n percut&#225;nea de cianoacrilato &#40;Hystoacryl&#174;&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0380"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">36</span></a> y en 7 se utilizaron tambi&#233;n <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">coils</span>&#46; Otros 2 estudios utilizaron el mismo abordaje para la dilataci&#243;n infundibular m&#225;s nefrostom&#237;a &#40;se incluyeron 3 pacientes en estos 2 estudios&#41;&#44; o para la ablaci&#243;n con l&#225;ser &#40;un paciente en un estudio&#41;&#46; Otro art&#237;culo describe la crioablaci&#243;n percut&#225;nea guiada por TC en un solo paciente&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0130">Retrogrado trans-ureteral</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Ocho art&#237;culos que inclu&#237;an un total de 13 pacientes describieron un abordaje retr&#243;grado<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0350"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30&#44;48&#8211;53</span></a>&#44; 3 utilizaron la terapia de inyecci&#243;n&#44; 2 con adhesivo de fibrina<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0350"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30&#44;48</span></a> y uno con cianoacrilato<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0445"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">49</span></a>&#46; Otros 4 art&#237;culos trataban de optimizar el flujo de orina ampliando el di&#225;metro ureteral con <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">stent</span> ureteral doble<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0450"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">50</span></a> &#40;un art&#237;culo y un caso&#41;&#44; un cat&#233;ter de Malecot<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0455"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">51</span></a> &#40;un art&#237;culo y 3 pacientes&#41;&#44; un <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">stent</span> ureteral transcut&#225;neo exteriorizado<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0460"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">52</span></a> &#40;un art&#237;culo con 2 pacientes que cumpl&#237;an los criterios de esta revisi&#243;n&#41; o un cateterismo doble con cat&#233;ter JJ y cat&#233;ter de endopielotom&#237;a<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0465"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">53</span></a> &#40;un art&#237;culo y un paciente&#41;&#46; En una presentaci&#243;n de un congreso se describi&#243; un abordaje retr&#243;grado para colocar un sistema de aspiraci&#243;n conectado a cat&#233;ter ureteral doble en la pelvis renal<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0470"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">54</span></a>&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0135">Otros abordajes</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Dos art&#237;culos demostraron la experiencia de los autores en la embolizaci&#243;n selectiva de la arteria renal segmentaria&#44; en un total de 3 pacientes<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0475"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">55&#44;56</span></a>&#46; Y un art&#237;culo describi&#243; el tratamiento m&#233;dico con desmopresina en un paciente<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0485"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">57</span></a>&#46; En la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">tabla 2</a> se presenta un resumen de los abordajes y los resultados primarios&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span></span></span></span><span id="sec0070" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0140">Discusi&#243;n</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Esta revisi&#243;n sistem&#225;tica exhaustiva resume los datos sobre las distintas modalidades de tratamiento activo de la f&#237;stula del tracto urinario superior tras la NP&#44; revelando una amplia variedad de t&#233;cnicas&#46; Es imperativo que los cirujanos est&#233;n familiarizados con estas alternativas debido al aumento de la realizaci&#243;n de NP&#46; Este aumento se debe a sus beneficios en la reducci&#243;n de la morbilidad cardiovascular y la mortalidad global&#44; as&#237; como al riesgo reducido de progresi&#243;n a la enfermedad renal cr&#243;nica&#44; brindando los mismos resultados oncol&#243;gicos que la RN<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2&#44;10&#44;13&#8211;16</span></a>&#44; a pesar de una mayor tasa de complicaciones&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La estrategia de b&#250;squeda incluy&#243; una variedad de nombres para esta complicaci&#243;n&#44; dada la falta de terminolog&#237;a y definici&#243;n claros para su abordaje<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0490"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">58</span></a>&#44; pudiendo encontrarse en la literatura de muchas maneras &#40;fuga urinaria&#44; fuga de orina&#44; f&#237;stula urinaria&#44; f&#237;stula del tracto urinario superior&#44; f&#237;stulas urinarias&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los resultados mostrados en la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabla 1</a> demuestran que el manejo activo incluye un amplio conjunto de alternativas&#44; adaptadas a las caracter&#237;sticas espec&#237;ficas de cada paciente y a la experiencia del cirujano&#46; Tambi&#233;n muestran una alta tasa de &#233;xito en un periodo de tiempo aceptable y con una necesidad baja de reintervenci&#243;n&#46; Por lo tanto&#44; aunque el tratamiento conservador resolver&#225; la mayor&#237;a de las fugas de orina&#44; el tratamiento activo en el momento oportuno es una estrategia v&#225;lida a considerar&#46; El ur&#243;logo debe conocer los diferentes escenarios en los que un m&#233;todo puede ser superior a otro&#46;</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Teniendo en cuenta que la resoluci&#243;n espont&#225;nea de la FU es impredecible&#44; en algunos casos pudiendo tardar hasta meses en resolver<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2&#44;10&#44;41&#44;42</span></a>&#44; impactando negativamente en la calidad de vida de los pacientes&#46; El manejo activo debiese convertirse en una alternativa de uso precoz en nuestro algoritmo de tratamiento&#46; No parece correcto mantener a un paciente sano con una FU cuyo tiempo de resoluci&#243;n es impredecible&#44; cuando podr&#237;a recibir un tratamiento precoz&#46; Decidir cu&#225;ndo debe realizarse un tratamiento activo no es el objetivo de esta revisi&#243;n&#44; pero tras una amplia investigaci&#243;n&#44; creemos que debe plantearse un enfoque espec&#237;fico para cada paciente en torno a los 21-28 d&#237;as de una FU en curso despu&#233;s de una NP a pesar de las medidas conservadoras&#44; teniendo en cuenta que estas podr&#237;an tardar entre 20-60 d&#237;as en alcanzar la resoluci&#243;n<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2&#44;5&#44;28&#44;58</span></a>&#46; Sin embargo&#44; en el paciente no obstruido&#44; la mayor&#237;a se resolver&#225;n en un per&#237;odo que oscila entre una y 4 semanas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;58</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nuestros resultados no s&#243;lo muestran una variedad de formas de tratar una &#171;FU prolongada&#187; &#40;otro t&#233;rmino que no est&#225; bien establecido&#41;&#44; sino que tambi&#233;n hay muchas maneras diferentes de llevar a cabo el tratamiento conservador&#44; siendo algunos autores m&#225;s propensos a actuar de forma precoz&#44; mientras que otros esperan un periodo m&#225;s largo de tiempo&#46; Esta diferencia podr&#237;a deberse a la preferencia del paciente&#44; los recursos del centro o la experiencia del cirujano&#46;</p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La mayor&#237;a de los art&#237;culos utilizaron un acceso percut&#225;neo &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#tbl0005">tablas 1 y 2</a>&#41; a trav&#233;s del cual se emplearon diferentes m&#233;todos para la resoluci&#243;n de la f&#237;stula&#46; Ello se debe probablemente a que este acceso renal permite una excelente manipulaci&#243;n intrarrenal&#46; No obstante&#44; los procedimientos percut&#225;neos est&#225;ndar suelen asociarse a tasas de complicaciones m&#225;s elevadas que las del abordaje retr&#243;grado<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0495"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">59&#8211;61</span></a>&#46; Esto podr&#237;a explicar por qu&#233; existe una tendencia hacia abordajes menos agresivos en los &#250;ltimos a&#241;os&#46; A medida que se desarrolla la endoscopia flexible&#44; las t&#233;cnicas retr&#243;gradas parecen ser m&#225;s atractivas porque&#44; en manos experimentadas&#44; tambi&#233;n permiten un c&#243;modo acceso intrarrenal que permite la inyecci&#243;n de sellantes o la fulguraci&#243;n&#46;</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Se cree que una fulguraci&#243;n excesiva del lecho tumoral con fines hemost&#225;ticos durante la NP podr&#237;a desempe&#241;ar un papel en el desarrollo de la f&#237;stula&#44; ya que esto podr&#237;a conducir a la necrosis del tejido&#44; a una cicatrizaci&#243;n inadecuada y&#44; finalmente&#44; a la formaci&#243;n de la f&#237;stula&#46; Por lo tanto&#44; las t&#233;cnicas para resolver la FU que utilizan electrofulguraci&#243;n deben considerarse con cautela&#46; Recomendamos intentar siempre t&#233;cnicas menos invasivas que favorezcan el flujo de orina anter&#243;grado&#44; ya que esto promueve la resoluci&#243;n espontanea de la f&#237;stula y una menor agresi&#243;n del par&#233;nquima&#46; Si se consideran abordajes m&#225;s invasivos&#44; se debe optar por t&#233;cnicas retr&#243;gradas&#44; a menos que haya evidencia de una condici&#243;n anat&#243;mica que impida el acceso retr&#243;grado adecuado al punto de fuga<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0425"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">45&#44;62</span></a> &#40;por ejemplo&#44; estenosis infundibular&#41;&#46; Se debe tener en cuenta que esta modalidad parece tardar m&#225;s en lograr la resoluci&#243;n de la fuga que el abordaje percut&#225;neo&#44; como se muestra en la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">tabla 2</a>&#46;</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La embolizaci&#243;n arterial parece ser una soluci&#243;n eficaz y r&#225;pida para la f&#237;stula urinaria&#44; pero sus resultados prometedores deben sopesarse con la p&#233;rdida asociada de par&#233;nquima renal sano&#46; Esta es una consideraci&#243;n relevante&#44; ya que uno de los principales motivos para elegir la NP en lugar de la RN&#44; y por la que aceptamos mayores tasas de complicaciones&#44; es preservar el mayor n&#250;mero de nefronas posible&#46; La desmopresina es tambi&#233;n una alternativa interesante&#44; no quir&#250;rgica&#44; que se ha estudiado en relaci&#243;n con las p&#233;rdidas de orina<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0360"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">32&#44;57&#44;63</span></a> con resultados positivos&#44; y dado su perfil menos agresivo&#44; parece una opci&#243;n potencialmente &#250;til&#46; Sin embargo&#44; se necesita m&#225;s evidencia en este aspecto concreto&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Doce art&#237;culos utilizaron selladores de fibrina o cianoacrilato&#46; El uso de estos compuestos se ha estudiado desde hace tiempo en urolog&#237;a<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0355"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31&#44;33&#8211;35&#44;64</span></a> y en otras &#225;reas de la cirug&#237;a&#44; con resultados mayoritariamente satisfactorios<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0525"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">65&#8211;70</span></a>&#46; No obstante&#44; no parece ser una pr&#225;ctica habitualmente utilizada por los ur&#243;logos&#46; Seg&#250;n los estudios de esta revisi&#243;n&#44; la fibrina y otros sellantes demuestran buenos resultados&#46; En esta revisi&#243;n no se ha llevado a cabo un an&#225;lisis exhaustivo sobre esta cuesti&#243;n&#44; como la comparaci&#243;n de un tipo de sellante frente a otro o similar&#44; ya que no es nuestro prop&#243;sito&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Una cuesti&#243;n importante en relaci&#243;n con las fugas de orina despu&#233;s de la NP es su prevenci&#243;n&#46; Existe una cantidad considerable de informaci&#243;n relativa a este tema&#46; Algunos autores han intentado determinar el riesgo de que un paciente desarrolle una FU antes de la cirug&#237;a y se han desarrollado muchos sistemas de puntuaci&#243;n de la complejidad del tumor<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0305"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21&#44;25&#44;28&#44;71&#44;72</span></a>&#46; Veccia et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0320"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a> realizaron una revisi&#243;n sistem&#225;tica y un metaan&#225;lisis &#40;2019&#41; que demostr&#243; la utilidad de estas puntuaciones&#46; El que mejor predijo la fuga urinaria fue el Renal Pelvic Score<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0335"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27&#44;28</span></a>&#46; Debido a que no existe un &#250;nico indicador predictivo de f&#237;stula urinaria<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&#44; y a la baja adherencia para aplicar sistemas de puntuaci&#243;n m&#225;s complejos&#44; la estrategia de predicci&#243;n&#47;prevenci&#243;n parece no ser suficiente&#46; Por otra parte&#44; hay muchas investigaciones para prevenir las fugas de orina&#44; actuando durante la cirug&#237;a&#44; por diferentes medios como el uso de agentes hemost&#225;ticos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0565"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">73&#8211;79</span></a>&#44; la reparaci&#243;n del sistema colector<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0600"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">80&#8211;82</span></a>&#44; t&#233;cnicas quir&#250;rgicas nuevas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0615"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">83&#8211;86</span></a>&#44; la tinci&#243;n del sistema colector<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0635"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">87</span></a> y m&#233;todos de drenaje del sistema renal<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0640"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">88&#44;89</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Se han obtenido datos prometedores con la NP asistida por robot&#44; con tasas menores de f&#237;stulas urinarias<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&#46; Pero teniendo en cuenta que la cirug&#237;a rob&#243;tica no est&#225; ampliamente disponible&#44; el impacto en la reducci&#243;n de las fugas urinarias tras la NP es cuestionable&#46; Es necesario publicar m&#225;s datos para confirmar estas observaciones iniciales&#46;</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La principal limitaci&#243;n de esta revisi&#243;n sistem&#225;tica es que&#44; aunque se dise&#241;&#243; seg&#250;n la declaraci&#243;n PRISMA&#44; no contaba con un protocolo de registro&#46; Y&#44; a pesar de los numerosos art&#237;culos presentados en la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabla 1</a>&#44; debemos se&#241;alar que la naturaleza de &#233;stos impide hacer recomendaciones categ&#243;ricas&#44; ya que son en su mayor&#237;a informes de casos&#44; incluyendo uno obtenido de la literatura gris y no publicado&#44; y un estudio cl&#237;nico retrospectivo&#46; Por lo tanto&#44; existe un alto riesgo de sesgo inherente a sus dise&#241;os&#44; y cualquier conclusi&#243;n debe interpretarse con cautela bajo este escenario&#46; Sin embargo&#44; dada la baja frecuencia general reportada de FU despu&#233;s de la NP&#44; es poco probable que se alcancen mejores resultados en t&#233;rminos de calidad de la evidencia&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0075" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0145">Conclusi&#243;n</span><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El papel del tratamiento activo en la FU despu&#233;s de la NP sigue siendo discutible&#44; teniendo en cuenta la larga experiencia de &#233;xito con el tratamiento conservador&#46; Sin embargo&#44; dado que la NP se realizar&#225; con mayor frecuencia&#44; la FU tambi&#233;n aumentar&#225; su incidencia&#46; En este contexto&#44; consideramos necesario formar y preparar a los ur&#243;logos en las diferentes opciones disponibles para tratar la FU de forma activa ante el fracaso de las medidas conservadoras&#46; El tratamiento activo incluye diversas t&#233;cnicas adaptables a las condiciones espec&#237;ficas de los pacientes y a la experiencia del cirujano&#44; logrando una alta tasa de &#233;xito en un per&#237;odo de tiempo aceptable&#44; y con pocas reintervenciones necesarias&#46; Debido a que todos los estudios incluidos en esta revisi&#243;n son retrospectivos y en su mayor&#237;a informes de casos&#44; existe un riesgo considerable de sesgo&#44; como es frecuente en la literatura quir&#250;rgica&#46; Por lo tanto&#44; no es posible hacer una recomendaci&#243;n basada en un alto nivel de evidencia y nuestra recomendaci&#243;n sobre el manejo se basa en un an&#225;lisis exhaustivo de toda la informaci&#243;n a nuestro alcance&#44; aunque de limitada calidad&#46;</p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Parece razonable un periodo de 21-28 d&#237;as de tratamiento conservador antes de considerar estrategias activas&#46; Y&#44; antes de intentar el tratamiento activo&#44; es importante tratar siempre las infecciones en curso&#44; descartar la malignidad&#44; evaluar el estado nutricional y asegurar la permeabilidad de la v&#237;a urinaria&#46;</p></span></span>"
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    "fechaRecibido" => "2021-10-18"
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    "resumen" => array:2 [
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        "titulo" => "Resumen"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Introducci&#243;n</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Cabe esperar que la frecuencia de la f&#237;stula urinaria en la pr&#225;ctica urol&#243;gica aumente como consecuencia de la ampliaci&#243;n de las indicaciones de la nefrectom&#237;a parcial&#44; dado que obtiene resultados oncol&#243;gicos equivalentes a los de la nefrectom&#237;a radical&#44; pero con un menor riesgo de progresi&#243;n a enfermedad renal cr&#243;nica&#44; menor morbilidad cardiovascular y mortalidad global&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Objetivos</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Revisar y comparar las diferentes t&#233;cnicas actuales de tratamiento activo para la f&#237;stula urinaria despu&#233;s de la nefrectom&#237;a parcial&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se realiz&#243; una b&#250;squeda bibliogr&#225;fica sistem&#225;tica en la base de datos MEDLINE en marzo de 2020&#44; combinando los t&#233;rminos&#58; &#171;urine leak&#187;&#44; &#171;urine leakage&#187;&#44; &#171;urinary leak&#187; y &#171;urinary fistula&#187;&#44; con&#58; &#171;partial nephrectomy&#187;&#44; &#171;nephron sparing surgery&#187; y &#171;renal sparing surgery&#187;&#46; Esta revisi&#243;n sistem&#225;tica se realiz&#243; de acuerdo con las gu&#237;as de la declaraci&#243;n Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses &#40;PRISMA&#41;&#46; Solo se eligieron los art&#237;culos relacionados con el tratamiento activo&#46; Se seleccionaron los res&#250;menes en ingl&#233;s y espa&#241;ol de las 2 &#250;ltimas d&#233;cadas&#46; No hubo restricciones respecto al dise&#241;o del estudio ni la duraci&#243;n del seguimiento&#46; Resultados primarios&#58; 1&#41; Tasa de resoluci&#243;n de la fuga&#44; 2&#41; Periodo de tiempo hasta la resoluci&#243;n de la fuga y 3&#41; N&#250;mero de intervenciones requeridas para la resoluci&#243;n&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Resultados</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se encontraron varios estudios&#46; No hubo ning&#250;n ensayo controlado aleatorizado&#46; La f&#237;stula urinaria puede resolverse de muchas maneras con el tratamiento activo&#44; con una alta tasa de &#233;xito &#40;97&#44;5&#37;&#41;&#44; una media de 1&#44;4 intervenciones por paciente y un tiempo medio hasta la resoluci&#243;n de la f&#237;stula de 11 d&#237;as &#40;mediana de 3 d&#237;as&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Conclusi&#243;n</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Existe un alto riesgo de sesgo debido a la metodolog&#237;a de los estudios&#46; Sin embargo&#44; hay un amplio abanico de alternativas eficaces y diversos abordajes para resolver la f&#237;stula urinaria en un periodo de tiempo adecuado&#46;</p></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Introduction</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Urinary fistula is expected to become more frequent in urological practice as a result of expanding indication of partial nephrectomy given it&#769;s oncological results equivalent to those of radical nephrectomy but at a lower risk of progression to chronic kidney disease&#44; lower cardiovascular morbidity&#44; and overall mortality&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Objectives</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Review and compare different techniques of contemporary active management for urinary fistula after partial nephrectomy&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Methods</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A systematic literature search on the MEDLINE database was conducted in March 2020&#44; combining the terms&#58; &#171;urine leak&#187;&#44; &#171;urine leakage&#187;&#44; &#171;urinary leak&#187; and &#171;urinary fistula&#187;&#44; with&#58; &#171;partial nephrectomy&#187;&#44; &#171;nephron sparing surgery&#187; and &#171;renal sparing surgery&#187;&#46; The review of the literature was performed accordingto the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines&#46; Only articles related to active treatment were eligible&#46; Abstracts in English and Spanish from the last two decades were screened&#46; No restriction based on study design nor the length of follow-up&#46; Primary outcomes&#58; 1&#41; Leak resolution rate 2&#41; Time course of leak resolution and 3&#41; Number of interventions needed for resolution&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Results</span><p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Multiple studies were found&#46; There were no randomized controlled trials&#46; Urinary fistula can be solved in many ways with active treatment&#44; with a high success rate &#40;97&#46;5&#37;&#41;&#44; an average of 1&#46;4 intervention-per-patients and a mean time for leak resolution of 11 days &#40;median of 3 days&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Conclusion</span><p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">There is a high risk of bias due to the study&#39;s methodology&#46; There is a broad range of effective alternatives and various approaches to solve urinary fistula in an appropriate timing&#46;</p></span>"
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Tasa de &#233;xito&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">D&#237;as desde el procedimiento hasta la resoluci&#243;n de la fuga&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">N&#250;mero de intervenciones &#40;no incluye los procedimientos en consulta&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Tiempo desde la NP hasta la intervenci&#243;n &#40;d&#237;as&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Seguimiento en meses&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Tekin M&#46;&#44; 2001<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0385"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">37</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Informe de caso&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Embolizaci&#243;n percut&#225;nea con cianoacrilato con control fluorosc&#243;pico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">100&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">25&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">36&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Bradford T&#46;&#44; 2005<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0390"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">38</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Informe de caso&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Inyecci&#243;n percut&#225;nea de adhesivo de fibrina con control fluorosc&#243;pico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">100&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">120&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Aslan G&#46;&#44; 2005<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0395"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">39</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Informe de caso&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Embolizaci&#243;n percut&#225;nea con cianoacrilato guiada por ecograf&#237;a y control fluorosc&#243;pico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">100&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">16&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Seo I&#46;&#44; 2008<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0400"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">40</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Informe de caso&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Inyecci&#243;n percut&#225;nea de adhesivo de fibrina con control ecogr&#225;fico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">100&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NE &#40;PI&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">31&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">18&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Aning J&#46;&#44; 2009<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0405"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">41</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Informe de caso&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Inyecci&#243;n percut&#225;nea de Hystoacryl&#174; guiada por fluoroscopia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">100&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">365&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">18&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Cleaveland P&#46;&#44; 2014<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0410"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">42</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Informe de caso&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Inyecci&#243;n percut&#225;nea de sellante de fibrina con control fluorosc&#243;pico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">100&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">56&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">196&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&#44;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Okada T&#46;&#44; 2017<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0415"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">43</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Informe de caso&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Inyecci&#243;n percut&#225;nea de adhesivo de fibrina con control fluorosc&#243;pico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">100&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">71&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NE&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Nouri Y&#46;&#44; 2019<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0380"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">36</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Estudio cl&#237;nico retrospectivo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Obliteraci&#243;n percut&#225;nea con Hystoacryl&#174; y coils bajo control fluorosc&#243;pico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">100&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NE &#40;PI&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 a 5 sesiones &#40;18 en total&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NE&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">11 &#40;Prom&#46;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Gorsi U&#46;&#44; 2020<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0420"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">44</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Informe de caso&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Inyecci&#243;n percut&#225;nea de adhesivo beta-cianoacrilato con control por TC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">100&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">14&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">18&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Meeks J&#46;&#44; 2008<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0425"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">45</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Informe de caso&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Dilataci&#243;n infundibular percut&#225;nea &#40;Caso 1&#41; y fulguraci&#243;n percut&#225;nea con l&#225;ser holmium &#40;Caso 2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">100&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Caso 1&#58; 35Caso 2&#58; 0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Caso 1&#58; 3Caso 2&#58; 2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7045&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NE&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Bruner B&#46;&#44; 2009<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0430"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">46</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Informe de caso&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Dilataci&#243;n percut&#225;nea con bal&#243;n y nefrostom&#237;a&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">100&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NE&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">19 y 25&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ambos 3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ward T&#46;&#44; 2015<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0435"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">47</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Informe de caso&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Crioablaci&#243;n percut&#225;nea guiada por TC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">100&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NE&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NE&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">French D&#46;&#44; 2006<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0440"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">48</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Informe de caso&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Inyecci&#243;n retrograda con sellante de fibrina&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">100&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NE &#40;PI&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">49&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">18&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Chu W&#46;&#44; 2014<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0350"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Informe de caso&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Electrofulguraci&#243;n retr&#243;grada e inyecci&#243;n de adhesivo de fibrina&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">100&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">21&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">35&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">13&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Selli C&#46;&#44; 2013<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0445"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">49</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Informe de caso&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Embolizaci&#243;n retr&#243;grada con cianoacrilato con control fluorosc&#243;pico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3 &#40;los otros 2 casos no fueron posteriores a NP&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">66&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Caso 1&#58; 0Caso 2&#58; 0Caso&#58; 3 fallidos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Caso 1 y 2&#58; 1Caso 3&#58; 2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Caso 1&#58; 10Caso 2&#58; 13Caso 3&#58; 38&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">103&#44; 11 y 3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Alsikafi N&#46;&#44; 2001<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0450"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">50</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Informe de caso&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Stent ureteral doble&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">100&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">42&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">28&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NE&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Girard F&#46;&#44; 2014<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0455"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">51</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Informe de casos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Cat&#233;ter ureteral 16-Fr Malecot&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">100&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Caso 1&#58; 1Caso 2&#58; 3Caso 3&#58; 30&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Casos 1 y 2&#58; 2Caso 3&#58; 3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">11 y 28&#46; Un caso NE&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">32&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Le Guilchet T&#46;&#44; 2016<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0460"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">52</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Informe de caso&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Cat&#233;ter ureteral con exteriorizaci&#243;n trans-vesico-parietal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;los otros 7 casos no fueron posteriores a NP&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">100&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NE para casos NP&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NE&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NE&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Pardalidis P&#46;&#44; 2017<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0465"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">53</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Informe de caso&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Doble cateterismo&#58; 6-Fr JJ y cat&#233;ter endopielotom&#237;a 14-Fr&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">100&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">21&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">14&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">24&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Escovar P&#46;&#44; 2019<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0470"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">54</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Informe de caso&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Stent</span> ureteral doble conectado al sistema de aspiraci&#243;n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;el segundo caso no fue posterior a NP&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">100&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">16&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Yamamoto T&#46;&#44; 2014<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0475"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">55</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Informe de caso&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Embolizaci&#243;n selectiva de arteria renal &#40;angiograf&#237;a&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">100&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NE &#40;PI&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NE&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NE&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Nohara T&#46;&#44; 2016<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0480"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">56</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Informe de caso&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Embolizaci&#243;n selectiva de arteria renal &#40;angiograf&#237;a&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">100&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Casos 1 y 2&#58; 0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">20 y 21&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">24 y 36&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ceylan C&#46;&#44; 2012<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0485"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">57</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Informe de caso&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Desmopresina&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">100&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;no quir&#250;rgico&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">21&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NE&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Total&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">40 pacientes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">97&#44;5&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Tiempo&#44; media&#58; 11&#44;09 dTiempo&#44; mediana&#58; 3 d&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Promedio&#58; 1&#44;4 intervenciones por pacientes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Tiempo&#44; media&#58; 52&#44;04 dTiempo&#44; mediana&#58; 25 d&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Tiempo&#44; media&#58; 19 m&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                0 => """
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Abordaje&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">N&#46;&#176; de estudios&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">N&#46;&#176; de pacientes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Subcategor&#237;as y no&#46; de estudios&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">D&#237;as hasta la resoluci&#243;n de la fuga&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Tasa de &#233;xito&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">N&#46;&#176; medio de intervenciones&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Percut&#225;neo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">23&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Terapia de inyecci&#243;n&#58; 9Dilataci&#243;n del sistema colector&#58; 2Ablaci&#243;n con l&#225;ser&#58; 1Crioablaci&#243;n&#58; 1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Media&#58; 11&#44;5Mediana&#58; 2 &#40;0-56&#41;&#40;9 pacientes&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">100&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Retr&#243;grado&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">13&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Drenaje pasivo anter&#243;grado&#58; 7Drenaje activo anter&#243;grado&#58; 1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Media&#58; 13&#44;7 Mediana&#58; 6 &#40;0-42&#41;&#40;9 pacientes&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">92&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Vascular&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Embolizaci&#243;n arterial&#58; 2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Inmediata&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">100&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">M&#233;dico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Desmopresina&#58; 1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">100&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Risk Factors and Management of Urine Leaks After Partial Nephrectomy"
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                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.juro.2008.08.018"
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                        "volumen" => "180"
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                      "titulo" => "Urinary fistula after robot-assisted partial nephrectomy&#58; A multicentre analysis of 1 791 patients"
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                      "titulo" => "Complications After Robotic Partial Nephrectomy at Centers of Excellence&#58; Multi-Institutional Analysis of 450 Cases"
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                        "tituloSerie" => "Can J Urol"
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