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Inicio Radiología (English Edition) Perineural spread in head and neck tumors
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Vol. 56. Issue 5.
Pages 400-412 (September - October 2014)
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Vol. 56. Issue 5.
Pages 400-412 (September - October 2014)
Update in Radiology
Perineural spread in head and neck tumors
Diseminación perineural en tumores de cabeza y cuello
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3994
B. Brea Álvarez
Corresponding author
beatrizbreaalvarez@yahoo.es

Corresponding author.
, M. Tuñón Gómez
Radiodiagnóstico. Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
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Tables (3)
Table 1. Connection of the V cranial pair.
Table 2. Connection of the VII cranial pair.
Table 3. Zone classification.
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Abstract

Perineural spread is the dissemination of some types of head and neck tumors along nervous structures. Perineural spread has negative repercussions on treatment because it requires more extensive resection and larger fields of irradiation. Moreover, perineural spread is associated with increased local recurrence, and it is considered an independent indicator of poor prognosis in the TNM classification for tumor staging. However, perineural spread often goes undetected on imaging studies. In this update, we review the concept of perineural spread, its pathogenesis, and the main pathways and connections among the facial nerves, which are essential to understand this process. Furthermore, we discuss the appropriate techniques for imaging studies, and we describe and illustrate the typical imaging signs that help identify perineural spread on CT and MRI. Finally, we discuss the differential diagnosis with other entities.

Keywords:
MeSh terms
Neoplasm metastasis
Cranial nerve neoplasms/diagnosis
Cranial nerve neoplasms/secondary
Head and neck neoplasms/diagnosis
Head and neck neoplasms/secondary
Magnetic resonance imaging
Computed tomography
X-Ray
Multimodal imaging
Neoplasm invasiveness
Resumen

La diseminación perineural corresponde a una forma de extensión de algunos tipos de tumores de cabeza y cuello por las estructuras nerviosas. Su existencia repercute negativamente en el tratamiento porque requiere resecciones quirúrgicas más extensas y campos de irradiación mayores, está asociada con un incremento en las recurrencias locales y se considera un indicador pronóstico independiente en la clasificación TNM para estadificar el tumor. Sin embargo con frecuencia pasa desapercibida en los estudios de imagen. En esta actualización revisaremos el concepto, la patogenia y las principales vías y conexiones entre los nervios faciales, que son esenciales para comprender este proceso. Además, valoraremos la técnica apropiada para realizar un estudio correcto, presentaremos los signos de imagen típicos para reconocer esta entidad en la TC y RM y abordaremos los diagnósticos diferenciales.

Palabras clave:
MeSh Terms
Metástasis
Tumores Nervios Craneales/Diagnóstico
Tumores Nervios Craneales/Secundarios
Neoplasias Cabeza y Cuello/Diagnóstico
RM
TC
Imagen Multimodal

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