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Original Article
Development and validation of an alternative procedure for quantitative quality control analysis of 99mTc-radiopharmaceuticals using a Geiger Müller counter
Desarrollo y validación de un procedimiento alternativo para realizar los controles de pureza radioquímica de radiofármacos de 99mTc con un contador Geiger Müller
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M.M. Gonzaleza,b, A.L. Pomac,1, N. Cuelloa,2, A.L. Soldatia,b,
Corresponding author
analia.soldati@intecnus.org.ar

Corresponding author.
a Departamento de Producción de Radioisótopos, Centro Integral de Medicina Nuclear y Radiofarmacia de Bariloche, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA), San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
b Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA), San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
c Servicio de Medicina Nuclear, Centro Integral de Medicina Nuclear y Radiofarmacia de Bariloche, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA), San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
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Tables (2)
Table 1. Nominal concentration values (kBq/μl), volume (μl) and radioactivity (kBq) of the samples used for the analysis of errors and response to the concentration of activity and measurement time. Ten examples of the sample marked with * were made.
Table 2. Control of radiochemical purity obtained with the chromatographic method using both detectors (GM and IC) and with the vial partitioning methods using the BAC MT® equipment. The uncertainties for the paper chromatography methods were calculated by the method of partial derivatives. The uncertainty for the vial partitioning method was considered as that shown by the equipment.
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Abstract
Background and objectives

In a hospital radiopharmacy with 2a operational level, including the preparation of radiopharmaceuticals from prepared and approved reagent kits, it is common to have a single activimeter or dose calibrator for labeling and fractionation, and to perform the quality controls of the 99mTc-radiopharmaceuticals. In certain cases, the accumulation of radioactive material or accidental contamination of the work area causes the background to exceed the limits to carry out the radiochemical purity analyses and it is necessary to look for viable alternatives. In this work, a Geiger Müller detector (equipped with a probe for measuring surface contamination) frequently used for radioprotection purposes, was validated as an alternative and its performance was compared against the activimeter for 99mTc-radiopharmaceuticals.

Materials and methods

Using [99mTc]pertechnetate, systematic studies of error analyses and detector response to activity concentration, activity and measurement time were carried out in liquid matrices and in paper. The results were compared against an activimeter calibrated for [99mTc]Tc.

Results

The developed method was used to determine the radiochemical purity of the compounds [99mTc]Tc-MDP and [99mTc]Tc-MIBI by ascending paper chromatography tests, obtaining comparable values to those measured with an activimeter in the same system (within 1% uncertainty) and using the method of vial partitioning in a dedicated equipment.

Conclusions

This work demonstrates that a Geiger Müller detector with a probe for measuring surface contamination can be adequately used to replace other equipment in the control of radiochemical purity in the hospital radiopharmacy.

Keywords:
Quality control
Radiochemical purity
Conventional radiopharmacy
Geiger probe
Tc radiopharmaceuticals
Resumen
Antecedentes y objetivo

En los laboratorios de radiofarmacia hospitalaria de nivel operacional 2a, con preparación de radiofármacos a partir de kits liofilizados sellados, es frecuente que se disponga de un único activímetro o calibrador de dosis para la marcación, fraccionamiento y realización de controles de calidad de radiofármacos marcados con 99mTc. En ciertos casos, la acumulación de material radiactivo o la contaminación accidental del área de trabajo hacen que el fondo supere los límites para realizar los controles de calidad de pureza radioquímica y es necesario buscar alternativas viables. En este trabajo se validó como alternativa el uso de un detector Geiger Müller (con sonda para medición de contaminación superficial) utilizado frecuentemente para fines de radioprotección y se comparó su rendimiento contra el activímetro, en radiofármacos tecneciados.

Materiales y métodos

Utilizando [99mTc]pertecnetato se realizaron estudios sistemáticos de análisis de errores y de respuesta del detector ante concentración de actividad, determinación de actividad y tiempo de medición, en matrices líquidas y de papel. Se compararon los resultados contra un activímetro calibrado para [99mTc]Tc.

Resultados

Se utilizó el método desarrollado para determinar la pureza radioquímica de los compuestos [99mTc]Tc-MDP y [99mTc]Tc-MIBI por prueba de cromatografía de papel ascendente, obteniendo valores comparables a los medidos con un activímetro en el mismo sistema (dentro del ± 1% de incerteza) y mediante el método de frascos de partición en un aparato dedicado para tal fin.

Conclusiones

Este trabajo demuestra que un detector Geiger Müller con sonda para medición de contaminación superficial puede ser adecuadamente utilizado para reemplazar otros equipos en el control de pureza radioquímica en la radiofarmacia hospitalaria.

Palabras clave:
Control de calidad
Pureza radioquímica
Radiofarmacia convencional
Sonda Geiger
Radiofármacos tecneciados

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