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Vol. 44. Issue 12.
Pages 520-529 (January 2001)
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Vol. 44. Issue 12.
Pages 520-529 (January 2001)
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Esterilidad de origen desconocido: análisis de la evidencia científica sobre la eficacia del tratamiento con gonadotrofinas y/o inseminación intrauterina
Infertility of unknown origin: analysis of scientific evidence on the efficacy of treatment with gonadotrophins and/or intrauterine insemination
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J. Balasch*
Institut Clínic de Ginecologia, Obstetricia y Neonatologia. Hospital Clínic-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS). Facultad de Medicina-Universidad de Barcelona. Barcelona
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Resumen

La denominada esterilidad de origen desconocido es una situación de subfertilidad en la que no se puede asumir siempre que la instauración del embarazo sea debida al tratamiento aplicado o que no se hubiera producido sin tratamiento alguno. En los últimos 10- 15 años se ha aplicado profusamente la terapéutica con gonadotrofinas asociada o no a la inseminación intrauterina (IIU). Sin embargo, ello se ha basado más en el hábito clínico-práctico que en la existencia de estudios científicos bien diseñados. El objetivo de este artículo es el análisis de la evidencia científica que permita establecer si la estimulación de la ovulación con gonadotrofinas aumenta la probabilidad de embarazo en comparación con el coito dirigido en la esterilidad de origen desconocido, y si la asociación de la IIU puederepresentar un beneficio añadido o no. A pesar de la heterogeneidad clínica y de las diferencias en la calidad metodológica de los ensayos clínicos que comparan la eficacia del tratamiento para la esterilidad de origen desconocido, en función del más elevado grado de evidencia hallada en los datos analizados, podemos concluir y aconsejar (recomendación de grado A) lo siguiente: en las parejas con esterilidad de origen desconocido la estimulación ovárica con gonadotrofinas aumenta significativamente la probabilidad de embarazo esencialmente cuando se asocia a la IIU

Palabras clave:
Esterilidad de origen desconocido
Gonadotrofinas
Inseminación intrauterina
Abstract

Unexplained infertility is a subfertility condition where cannot be always assumed that gestations occurring after treatment are due to therapy or would not have occurred without treatment. In the past 10-15 years, there has been a marked increase in the use of two treatments (used alone or in combination) for unexplained infertility: induction of superovulation with gonadotrophins and intrauterin insemination (IUI). However, clinical practice is based largely on practical experience rather than well-designed scientific studies. The aim of this analysis of the literature is to determine whether, for unexplained infertility, superovulation improves the probability of conception compared with timed intercourse, and whether or not IUI improves results any further. Despite clinical heterogeneity and different methodological quality of the trials comparing efficacy of treatment for unexplained infertility, based on the highest level of evidence found in the data we conclude and advise (level A recommendation) the following: in couples with unexplained infertility superovulation with gonadotrophins significantly improves the probability of conception mainly when associated with IUI

Keywords:
Gonadotrophins
Intrauterine insemination
Unexplained infertility
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Copyright © 2001. Sociedad Española de Ginecología y Obstetricia
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