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Vol. 46. Issue 2.
Pages 64-74 (January 2003)
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Vol. 46. Issue 2.
Pages 64-74 (January 2003)
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Cirugía radical en el carcinoma cervical en estadio IIB o inferior. Estadificación clínica frente a quirurgicopatológica
Radical surgery in cervical carcinoma stage IIB or less. Clinical versus surgicalpathological staging
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5773
P. Acién
Corresponding author
acien@umh.es
paciena@meditex.es

Correspondencia: Departamento de Ginecología. Campus de San Juan. Apdo. de Correos 18. 03550 San Juan. Alicante. España
, A. Barbal, F.J. Quereda, R.M. Bermejo, M. Roca, M. Acién, S.M. Eleno
Servicio de Obstetricia y Ginecología. Hospital Universitario de San Juan. Departamento/División Ginecología. Facultad de Medicina. Universidad Miguel Hernández. Campus de San Juan. Alicante. España
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Resumen
Objetivos

Correlacionar los estadios clínico y quirurgicopatológico del cáncer cervical y analizar los resultados terapéuticos tras haber realizado cirugía radical de Wertheim-Meigs en la mayoría de los mismos con estadio IIB o inferior.

Sujetos y métodos

Análisis retrospectivo de 115 pacientes diagnosticadas de carcinoma cervical en estadio IIB o inferior entre los años 1984 y 1999; fueron operados 100 casos y se realizó cirugía radical en el 65% de los cánceres en estadio IIB; asimismo, 58 de los casos operados recibieron radioterapia; las otras 15 pacientes no operadas se trataron con radioterapia sola.

Resultados

El 21% de los casos en estadio clínico IA-IB se hallaba en realidad en un estadio quirurgicopatológico más elevado, mientras que entre aquellas pacientes operadas con un estadio clínico IIB, el 48% se encontraba realmente en un estadio más bajo. Las tasas de supervivencia actuarial a 5 años en los 100 casos operados fueron del 100% para el estadio IA, el 88% para el IB, el 100% para el IIA y el 59,4% para el IIB; a los 10 años fueron del 100, el 88, el 100 y el 52%, respectivamente. En los casos de estadio IIB no operados, las tasas de supervivencia a los 5 años fueron del 71,7 y a los 10 años del 40%. No hubo diferencias en lo que respecta a la supervivencia o recurrencias entre las pacientes en estadio IB/IIA a las que se practicó cirugía radical con o sin radioterapia posterior. Tampoco hubo diferencias en las tasas referidas al comparar la presencia o no de ganglios positivos. Sin embargo, en el estadio posquirúrgico IIB, la supervivencia a los 5 años fue del 80% si los ganglios linfáticos fueron negativos, frente al 17,8% si éstos eran positivos para cáncer.

Conclusiones

En primer lugar, en condiciones apropiadas, mediante la cirugía radical de Wertheim-Meigs se obtienen buenos resultados de supervivencia (más del 90%) en los estadios IB-IIA, que se mantienen tras la radioterapia adicional para aquellos casos con factores pronósticos adversos. En segundo lugar, la comparación entre cirugía y radioterapia no puede establecerse en el estadio clínico IIB puesto que entre los casos operados, el 47% se encontraba realmente en un estadio más bajo. Por último, en el estadio quirurgicopatológico IIB, si los ganglios linfáticos son negativos, la supervivencia es buena (80%) y las tasas de recurrencia, bajas. Por tanto, estos casos también podrían beneficiarse de la cirugía radical.

Palabras clave:
Cáncer de cérvix
Tratamiento
Cirugía radical
Radioterapia
Wertheim-Meigs
Estadificación
Summary
Objectives

To correlate the clinical and surgicalpathological stages and to analyze the therapeutic results and survival rates after Wertheim-Meigs radical surgery in patients diagnosed with invasive cervical carcinoma at stage IIB or lower.

Subjects and methods

Retrospective analysis of 115 patients diagnosed with cervical carcinoma stage IIB or less between 1984 and 1999. One hundred patients underwent surgery. Radical surgery was performed in 65% of the carcinomas at stage IIB. Fifty-eight patients who underwent surgery also received radiotherapy. The remaining 15 patients did not undergo surgery and were treated with radiotherapy alone.

Results

Twenty-one percent of patients with tumors at clinical stages IA-IB turned out to be at a higher surgical-pathological stage, while among patients who underwent surgery at clinical stage IIB, 48% were actually at a lower stage. The 5-year actuarial survival rates in the 100 surgical patients were 100% for stage IA, 88% for IB, 100% for IIA and 59.4% for IIB; at 10 years they were 100%,88%, 100% and 52%, respectively. In patients with carcinomas at stage IIB who did not undergo surgery, the 5-year survival rate was 71.7% and was 40% at 10 years. No differences were found in survival or recurrence among the patients at stages IB/IIA who had undergone Wertheim-Meigs surgery either with or without subsequent radiotherapy. No differences were found in survival or recurrence when patients with negative nodes were compared with those with positive nodes. Nevertheless, in post-surgical stage IIB, survival at 5 years was 80% if the lymph nodes were negative compared with 17.8% if the nodes were cancer-positive.

Conclusions

1) In appropriate conditions, Wertheim-Meigs radical surgery presents good survival (>90%) at stages IB/IIA, and these good results are maintained after additional radiotherapy in patients with adverse prognostic factors. 2) Comparison between surgery and radiotherapy cannot be established at clinical stage IIB, since among patients who underwent surgery, 47% were actually at a lower stage. 3) In surgical-pathological stage IIB, if lymph nodes were negative, survival was good (80%) and recurrence rates were low. Therefore, these patients could also benefit from radical surgery.

Keywords:
Cervical carcinoma
Treatment
Radical surgery
Radiotherapy
Wertheim-Meigs
Staging
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Copyright © 2003. Sociedad Española de Ginecología y Obstetricia
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